Un estudio etnomatemático de las simetrías en los diseños de tejidos de telar de la Comunidad Porcón, Cajamarca
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2023-03-13
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
DOI
Resumen
La presente investigación se concibe al observar los diseños en los tejidos de telar de los
pobladores de la zona rural Porcón, Cajamarca, los cuales evidencian habilidades artísticas y
geométricas. Luego se refuerza comparando este innato arte matemático con los pobres
resultados de conocimientos matemáticos según las pruebas a nivel internacionall (PISA) y
nacional como las pruebas del Ministerio de Educación (Medición de la Calidad Educativa, otras).
Considerando al diseño como contexto extramatemático que puede favorecer la creación
de modelos didácticos para la enseñanza de la Geometría, nuestro objetivo es identificar y
clasificar las simetrias implícitas en los diseños de dichos tejidos, con una visión de su historia y
descripción socio cultural, poniendo énfasis en la dimensión educacional para valorar su arte y
su aspecto matemático no formal, mediante el aporte de la Educación Matemática.
La base teórica que apoya el estudio es la Etnomatemática, teoría propuesta por Ubiratàn
D’Ambrosio (1985), quien señala que esta disciplina es el estudio de las técnicas matemáticas
utilizadas por grupos culturales identificados para entender, explicar y manejar problemas y
actividades que nacen en su propio medio ambiente.
En la clasificación de diseños encontramos que un 85,71 % utiliza simetría vertical por
forma y un 57,14 % simetría vertical por forma y color. Un 14,28 % de diseños consideran simetría
respecto a un eje diagonal. Del mismo modo, en los frisos, un grupo equivalente al 44,44 %
solamente presenta simetría vertical; otro representa 33,33 % simetría vertical, horizontal y
central; un grupo solamente presenta simetría horizontal, constituyendo el 22,22 %.
Sobre la percepción de la simetría por los estudiantes, encontramos que tienen una
percepción bilateral de la simetría (eje simétrico vertical), de 85,7% en forma intuitiva, basados
solamente en su capacidad visual. Se observó que los estudiantes no tienen una percepción de
simetría respecto a una diagonal.
This research is conceived while observing the loom knitting of the people living in the rural zone of Porcón, Cajamarca, in Perú, which provide evidence of artistic and geometrical abilities; then it is strengthen when comparing this innate geometric art with the poor results in mathematics as demonstrated by the tests applied World Wide (PISA), as well as those applied by the Ministry of Education in Peru (Measurement of Educational Quality, et al). Taking into consideration the design as extra-mathematical context, which may favor the creation of didactic models for the teaching of Geometry, our aim is to identify and classify the symmetries implicit in the design of that knitting, with a vision of its history and sociocultural description, placing emphasis on the educational dimension so as to value its art, and the no formal mathematical aspect by means of the contribution of Mathematical Education. The theoretical findings which support this study is the Ethnomathematics Theory by Ubiratan D’Ambrosio (1985). He points out that Ethnomathematics is the study of the mathematical techniques used by cultural groups identified to understand, explain and work out problems and activities which are born within their own environment. In the classification of the designs, we find that 85,7% use vertical symmetry by form(shape) and that 57,14% vertical symmetry by form(shape) and color. 14,28% of the designs consider symmetry respect a diagonal axis. The same way, in the friezes, one group equivalent to 44,44% presents only vertical symmetry; another 33,33% horizontal, central and vertical symmetry; one frieze only has horizontal symmetry with an 22,22 %. About students’ perception of symmetry, we find that they have a bilateral perception of the symmetry (vertical symmetric axis), 85,7% intuitively, based only on their visual capacity. It was observed that the students do not have a symmetry perception as regards a diagonal.
This research is conceived while observing the loom knitting of the people living in the rural zone of Porcón, Cajamarca, in Perú, which provide evidence of artistic and geometrical abilities; then it is strengthen when comparing this innate geometric art with the poor results in mathematics as demonstrated by the tests applied World Wide (PISA), as well as those applied by the Ministry of Education in Peru (Measurement of Educational Quality, et al). Taking into consideration the design as extra-mathematical context, which may favor the creation of didactic models for the teaching of Geometry, our aim is to identify and classify the symmetries implicit in the design of that knitting, with a vision of its history and sociocultural description, placing emphasis on the educational dimension so as to value its art, and the no formal mathematical aspect by means of the contribution of Mathematical Education. The theoretical findings which support this study is the Ethnomathematics Theory by Ubiratan D’Ambrosio (1985). He points out that Ethnomathematics is the study of the mathematical techniques used by cultural groups identified to understand, explain and work out problems and activities which are born within their own environment. In the classification of the designs, we find that 85,7% use vertical symmetry by form(shape) and that 57,14% vertical symmetry by form(shape) and color. 14,28% of the designs consider symmetry respect a diagonal axis. The same way, in the friezes, one group equivalent to 44,44% presents only vertical symmetry; another 33,33% horizontal, central and vertical symmetry; one frieze only has horizontal symmetry with an 22,22 %. About students’ perception of symmetry, we find that they have a bilateral perception of the symmetry (vertical symmetric axis), 85,7% intuitively, based only on their visual capacity. It was observed that the students do not have a symmetry perception as regards a diagonal.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Etnomatemáticas, Simetría--Matemáticas, Textiles--Perú--Porcón (Cajamarca : Comunidad)
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess