La anomalía psíquica como causal de inimputabilidad
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2021-02-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo aborda la cuestión de la anomalía psíquica como causal de inimputabilidad penal, según
lo establecido por el artículo 20 del Código Penal peruano. Al respecto, se ha identificado la necesidad de
conocer cómo se encuentra actualmente regulada la anomalía psíquica en la legislación nacional, y cómo
se interpretan los alcances de la misma, a partir de la doctrina penal y haciendo uso de los aportes de la
neurociencia. Así, se desarrolla primero el concepto de imputabilidad penal a través de las diversas teorías
de los fines de la pena, pasando por el enfoque de las medidas de seguridad y la regulación actual de la
semi-imputabilidad y la imputabilidad restringida. A partir de ello, se pasa a la estructuración de lo que
deberá entenderse como inimputabilidad penal. A continuación, se desarrolla la naturaleza jurídica de la
anomalía psíquica, haciendo a su vez uso del conocimiento ofrecido por la psiquiatría para comparar los
términos con aquel conocimiento ampliamente aceptado por la doctrina penal respecto a los tipos de
anomalías psíquicas existentes. Finalmente, el presente trabajo reconoce la necesidad que tiene el Derecho
penal de hacer uso de otras disciplinas como lo son, principalmente, la neurociencia y la psiquiatría, a fin
de comprender a cabalidad la inimputabilidad penal y sus causales; en el mismo sentido, determina que el
análisis de la concurrencia de una de ellas deberá realizarse en cada caso concreto, no siendo posible ni
necesario establecer de antemano un listado de anomalías psíquicas a ser consideradas en sí mismas como
indicadoras de inimputabilidad penal.
This article focuses on the issue of the psychic abnormality as a cause for the non-imputability under criminal standards, according to the established through article 20 of the Peruvian Criminal Code. On the matter, there’s a current need to understand how the psychic abnormality is regulated in national legislation, and how the scope of it is interpreted, starting from the criminal doctrine and making use of the contributions of the neuroscience. Thus, this article first develops the concept of criminal imputability through the diverse theories of the criminal sanction, passing by the approach of the curative safety measures and the current regulation of the semi-imputability and the restricted imputability. Furthermore, there’s a development of what should be understood as criminal imputability. Consequently, the legal nature of psychic abnormality is discussed, appealing to the knowledge offered by the psychiatry to compare its terms with those widely accepted by the criminal doctrine regarding the existing types of psychic abnormalities. Finally, this article recognizes the need for Criminal Law to draw on other subjects as, for instance, neurosciences and psychiatry, in order to fully comprehend criminal non-imputability and its causes, as well as the fact that the analysis of the existence of one of said causes must be done on a caseby- case basis, so that it is neither possible nor necessary to establish, beforehand, a list of certain psychic abnormalities that must be taken in themselves as indicators of criminal non-imputability.
This article focuses on the issue of the psychic abnormality as a cause for the non-imputability under criminal standards, according to the established through article 20 of the Peruvian Criminal Code. On the matter, there’s a current need to understand how the psychic abnormality is regulated in national legislation, and how the scope of it is interpreted, starting from the criminal doctrine and making use of the contributions of the neuroscience. Thus, this article first develops the concept of criminal imputability through the diverse theories of the criminal sanction, passing by the approach of the curative safety measures and the current regulation of the semi-imputability and the restricted imputability. Furthermore, there’s a development of what should be understood as criminal imputability. Consequently, the legal nature of psychic abnormality is discussed, appealing to the knowledge offered by the psychiatry to compare its terms with those widely accepted by the criminal doctrine regarding the existing types of psychic abnormalities. Finally, this article recognizes the need for Criminal Law to draw on other subjects as, for instance, neurosciences and psychiatry, in order to fully comprehend criminal non-imputability and its causes, as well as the fact that the analysis of the existence of one of said causes must be done on a caseby- case basis, so that it is neither possible nor necessary to establish, beforehand, a list of certain psychic abnormalities that must be taken in themselves as indicators of criminal non-imputability.
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Personas con discapacidad mental, Imputabilidad--Perú, Responsabilidad penal, Derecho penal--Perú
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