El proceso de construcción de la Alianza del Pacífico y de una identidad colectiva: poder, discursos y narrativas de Colombia, Chile y Perú (2007- 2014)
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Date
2020-12-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Situada empíricamente en el contexto político suramericano del siglo XXI ‒caracterizado
por la coexistencia de diferentes narrativas identitarias de los esquemas regionales‒ esta
tesis se ocupa ontológicamente de los países de la región que luego se constituyen como
Estados Parte fundantes de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP) ‒esto es, Colombia, Chile y Perú‒ en
un período de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2007 a 2014. El objetivo general de la
tesis consiste en definir, identificar y comprender el proceso de construcción de una
identidad colectiva en la AP. Al respecto, los objetivos específicos indexados conllevan
identificar los posibles elementos impulsores que orientan la construcción de una identidad
colectiva en la AP; identificar los posibles agentes y actores que intervienen en la
construcción de una identidad colectiva, sus dinámicas de interacción con la estructura y el
poder del lenguaje tejido en esa interacción; así como identificar los posibles patrones
colectivos identitarios que emergen en la construcción de la AP como grupo. Esta tesis
recurre a la Teoría Crítica de las RR.II., al Interaccionismo Simbólico ‒particularmente la
Teoría de la Identidad Social‒ y las Narrativas. Metodológicamente, esta tesis se basa en el
análisis crítico del discurso, las narrativas y las dinámicas de interacción discursiva. La
investigación permitió visibilizar ‒entre otros aspectos‒ que: (a) existe una identidad
colectiva en la AP susceptible de expresarse discursivamente en diferentes etapas ‒como
categoría social que es‒; (b) tanto el proceso de construcción de la AP como de su identidad
colectiva son estratégicamente tejidos por los sujetos intervinientes y siguen el patrón de
un discurso coordinativo cerrado; (c) la dimensión relacional del poder evidenciado en la
AP se expresa en las prácticas comunes ‒ya compartidas y emergentes‒ y en la red de
relaciones entre la estructura, la agencia, los agentes y actores.
Empirically situated in the XXI century of the political South American context ‒characterized by the coexistence of different identity narratives of the regional schemes‒ this doctoral thesis focuses ontologically on the countries of the region which became funding State Parties of the Pacific Alliance (PA) ‒Chile, Colombia, and Peru‒ from 2007 up to 2014. The general objective of this thesis consists on defying, identifying and comprehending the construction process of a collective identity in the PA. Thereto, the specific objectivesindexed are identifying the possible drivers which lead such construction; the possible agents and actors who intervened on the construction process of the PA’s collective identity; and the possible collective identity patterns which emerged along such process. This thesis addresses on the Critical Theory of International Relations (IR), the Symbolic Interactionism ‒particularly, Social Identity Theory‒ and Narratives. The results reached are methodologically grounded on critical discourse analysis, narratives, and the dynamics of discursive interaction. This research has allowed to conclude ‒among others‒ that: (a) there exists a collective identity within the PA which ‒as a social category‒ expresses discursively in different stages; (b) both the AP construction process and its collective identity are strategically built by different stakeholders who intervened and followed the pattern of a closed coordinative process; (c) the relational dimension of power highlighted in the PA is expressed in multiple practices ‒already shared and emerging ones‒ and through a network of relations between the structure, the agency, the agents and actors involved.
Empirically situated in the XXI century of the political South American context ‒characterized by the coexistence of different identity narratives of the regional schemes‒ this doctoral thesis focuses ontologically on the countries of the region which became funding State Parties of the Pacific Alliance (PA) ‒Chile, Colombia, and Peru‒ from 2007 up to 2014. The general objective of this thesis consists on defying, identifying and comprehending the construction process of a collective identity in the PA. Thereto, the specific objectivesindexed are identifying the possible drivers which lead such construction; the possible agents and actors who intervened on the construction process of the PA’s collective identity; and the possible collective identity patterns which emerged along such process. This thesis addresses on the Critical Theory of International Relations (IR), the Symbolic Interactionism ‒particularly, Social Identity Theory‒ and Narratives. The results reached are methodologically grounded on critical discourse analysis, narratives, and the dynamics of discursive interaction. This research has allowed to conclude ‒among others‒ that: (a) there exists a collective identity within the PA which ‒as a social category‒ expresses discursively in different stages; (b) both the AP construction process and its collective identity are strategically built by different stakeholders who intervened and followed the pattern of a closed coordinative process; (c) the relational dimension of power highlighted in the PA is expressed in multiple practices ‒already shared and emerging ones‒ and through a network of relations between the structure, the agency, the agents and actors involved.
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Keywords
Alianza del Pacífico (Organización : América Latina), Identidad colectiva--América del Sur, Análisis crítico del discurso--América del Sur, América del Sur--Integración económica