Evolução do processo de ocupação da soja de 2000 a 2006 em Campo Novo dos Parecis - Mato Grosso, através do sensoriamento remoto
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2008
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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A pesquisa trata da espacialização e do avanço da soja no período de seis anos neste município situado em áreas planas do Planalto e Chapada dos Parecis coberto pelo cerrado sobre areias quartzosas álicas e Latossolos-Vermelho Escuro distróficos. Também, refere-se aos impactos ambientais e sociais gerados e que são agravados à medida que novas áreas são incorporadas ao processo produtivo dando lugar a uma paisagem cada vez mais mecanizada e modernizada com presença de tecnologia de ponta na busca da maior produtividade voltada à exportação e, a exclusão da população rural tradicional para as cidades. A classificação supervisionada usando o classificador Bhattacharya disponível no Spring 4.3 para comparar as regiões das imagens com as classes discriminadas foi feita nas imagens de satélite Landsat-TM5 com resolução de 30x30m em 2000 e nas imagens CBERS com resolução de 20x20m em 2006 apresentando uma escala final de 1:500.000. Nas grandes e médias propriedades ocupadas com a soja predominam a agricultura mecanizada de alta tecnologia associada aos produtores empresariais e familiares de grande porte econômico, apresentando similaridade nas características da ocupação realizada por grupos empresariais. Dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que na área total do município as áreas ocupadas no processo produtivo da soja, sobem de 35,66% no ano 2000 para 48,32%em 2006. A vegetação natural com predominância dos cerrados que cobria o município em 2000 em torno de 59,18%, cai para 41,07% em 2006, apresentando também incremento na vegetação alterada e com remanescente. Este município já se encontrava consolidado pela soja em 2000, de forma que, praticamente não tinha mais pra onde expandir a soja. Parte deste incremento foi pela substituição das pastagens bovinas em área de cultivo da soja, parte pelo desmate da vegetação natural e também pela ocupação da terra indígena Utiariti que tem uma grande parcela de sua reserva localizada neste município. Em 2000, esta parte da reserva, encontrava-se preservada deste tipo de ocupação, obtendo apenas a cultura tradicional que era de 1,28% subindo para 6% em 2006 com a soja mecanizada. A parceria com os grandes produtores e os indígenas na incorporação desta economia mecanizada e altamente tecnificada, resulta no desmatamento e fragmentação do cerrado, com tendências a aumentar a cada ano, em áreas que antes eram refúgios e que proporcionava a preservação desta formação que rapidamente está desaparecendo do país. Assim como, o agravamento das desigualdades culturais e sociais já existentes entre os mesmos e as manifestações de prostituição e de doenças como a Aids, sífilis e também, das drogas. A ocupação produtiva da soja tem simplificado e fragmentado a cobertura vegetal natural com perdas na biodiversidade e de espécies de alto valor econômico, industrial e farmacêutico. Também, contribuído para os processos erosivos, perdas de solo e o assoreamento e mudança no regime hidrológico dos rios, assim como a contaminação tanto das águas quanto dos solos causados pelo uso dos agrotóxicos.
This research is about the soybean spatialization and spread in a 6-year period in the district Campo Novo dos Parecis located in flat areas of the Plateau and Chapada dos Parecis, covered by cerrado vegetation on dystrophic-hallic quartzous sands and Dark-Red Latossolos. It also refers to the environmental and social impacts created and worsened as new areas are added to the productive process, giving place to a more and more modern landscape with the presence of a top technology as a way of achieving a bigger productivity for exportation and to the exclusion of the traditional rural population to the cities. The supervised classification in Spring 4.3 was made in the Landsat-TM5 satellite images with 30 x 30 m resolution in 2000 and CBERS with 20 x 20 m resolution in 2006, with a final scale of 1:500.000. In large and medium size properties, mechanized agriculture associated to entrepreneurs and wealthy families predominate presenting similar occupation characteristics among them. From the results obtained in the total area, the soybean yield rose from 35,66% in 2000 to 48,32% in 2006. The prevailing natural cerrado vegetation, in 2000 was approximately of 59,18%, falling to 41,07% in 2006, it also presents an increment of the modified and remnant vegetation. The district was already undertaken by soja plantation in year 2000, and there was no other place to expand. Then, it took over grazing fields, deforesting and occupying the Utiariti Indian territory. In 2000, this land was preserved from soja, being cultivated with only traditional crops, that represented 1,28% of the area, rising to 6% in 2006 with the mechanized soybean. The partnership of the Indians with the great farmers in the use of this high technified yield resulted in deforestation and fragmentation of the cerrado with yearly increments to areas that were used as refuge and preservation of this cerrado vegetation which is rapidly disappearing. There is also a worsening of cultural and social differences and the appearance of prostitution and diseases like Aids, syphilis and drugs. Soybean has simplified and fragmented the natural vegetation with losses in biodiversity and of much valued economical, industrial and pharmaceutical species. It also, contributes to erosion processes, soil losses, silting and change in the hydrological regime of rivers, as well as the contamination of both water and soil caused by the agro toxics.
This research is about the soybean spatialization and spread in a 6-year period in the district Campo Novo dos Parecis located in flat areas of the Plateau and Chapada dos Parecis, covered by cerrado vegetation on dystrophic-hallic quartzous sands and Dark-Red Latossolos. It also refers to the environmental and social impacts created and worsened as new areas are added to the productive process, giving place to a more and more modern landscape with the presence of a top technology as a way of achieving a bigger productivity for exportation and to the exclusion of the traditional rural population to the cities. The supervised classification in Spring 4.3 was made in the Landsat-TM5 satellite images with 30 x 30 m resolution in 2000 and CBERS with 20 x 20 m resolution in 2006, with a final scale of 1:500.000. In large and medium size properties, mechanized agriculture associated to entrepreneurs and wealthy families predominate presenting similar occupation characteristics among them. From the results obtained in the total area, the soybean yield rose from 35,66% in 2000 to 48,32% in 2006. The prevailing natural cerrado vegetation, in 2000 was approximately of 59,18%, falling to 41,07% in 2006, it also presents an increment of the modified and remnant vegetation. The district was already undertaken by soja plantation in year 2000, and there was no other place to expand. Then, it took over grazing fields, deforesting and occupying the Utiariti Indian territory. In 2000, this land was preserved from soja, being cultivated with only traditional crops, that represented 1,28% of the area, rising to 6% in 2006 with the mechanized soybean. The partnership of the Indians with the great farmers in the use of this high technified yield resulted in deforestation and fragmentation of the cerrado with yearly increments to areas that were used as refuge and preservation of this cerrado vegetation which is rapidly disappearing. There is also a worsening of cultural and social differences and the appearance of prostitution and diseases like Aids, syphilis and drugs. Soybean has simplified and fragmented the natural vegetation with losses in biodiversity and of much valued economical, industrial and pharmaceutical species. It also, contributes to erosion processes, soil losses, silting and change in the hydrological regime of rivers, as well as the contamination of both water and soil caused by the agro toxics.
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Geografía, Campo Novo Dos Parecis, Cerrado, Soja, Ocupação, Geografía, Campo Novo Dos Parecis, Savanna, Soybean, Occupation
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