Planeamiento estratégico del maíz
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2017-06-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El Maíz es el tercer producto agrícola del Perú, cuya producción anual será de
1’675,000 TM en el año 2013, representando solamente el 50% del consumo nacional, por lo
que no satisface a la demanda interna. La implementación de este planeamiento estratégico
permitirá que en el año 2023 el Perú sea capaz de aumentar su abastecimiento, mediante la
obtención de mayor rendimiento por hectárea.
Hay dos variedades principales de Maíz: el Amiláceo y el Amarillo Duro. En el caso
del Maíz Amiláceo, la mayoría de los cultivos son minifundistas donde los agricultores
satisfacen los requerimientos alimenticios de su familia y animales, para luego vender el
excedente a los acopiadores. Esto va a los mayoristas de los principales mercados del Maíz y
de allí a los minoristas y consumidores. En cambio el Maíz Amarillo Duro es utilizado
principalmente para elaborar alimentos para aves, y es cosechado tanto por pequeños
agricultores como por criadores de aves que se han integrado verticalmente hacia atrás.
Con la implementación de este plan estratégico en 10 años se tendrán 45 razas de
Maíz Amiláceo, lo que permitirá incrementar el rendimiento y sumado al aumento en el área
de cultivo se tendrá un crecimiento en la producción del 57%. Todo esto acompañado de
programas de capacitación para todos los colaboradores, con el uso de tecnología y sistemas
de información de punta.
Las estrategias que se implementarán contemplan el desarrollo de tecnología aplicada
al cultivo y cosecha del Maíz, para crear nuevas variedades modificadas que se adapten a los
distintos usos, como por ejemplo la producción de biocombustibles. La asociación de
pequeños productores y el encadenamiento productivo permitirán unificar a los actores en
torno a una visión común. Donde además resulta importante garantizar la calidad del
producto final, mediante certificaciones para los productores y la renovación de equipos
The corn is the third agricultural product of Peru, whose annual production is going to be 1'675, 000 MT in 2013, representing only 50% of domestic consumption, so it does not satisfy domestic demand. Through the application of this strategic plan, in 2023 Peru will be able to feed itself, by obtaining higher yield per hectare. There are two main varieties of corn, starchy and hard yellow. In the case of starchy corn, it is cultivated by smallholder farmers who primarily satisfy their own food requirements, as well as their animals’, then they sell the surplus to middlemen. It goes to wholesalers in the major markets and from there to retailers and consumers. Instead yellow corn is mainly used to produce food for animals, and mainly for poultry, and it is harvested by both small farmers as well as for poultry farmers who are vertically integrated. After implementing this strategic plan, in 10 years Peru will have 45 races of maize starch, which will increase performance and coupled with the increase in crop area will have a production growth of 57%. All this coupled with training programs for all employees, with the use of technology and information systems on end. In the near future, strategies that will be implemented includes the development of technology applied to the crop and harvesting of modified corn to create new varieties that can get adapted to different uses such as biofuel production. The association of small producers as well as chaining different actors around a common vision will benefit the sector, where ensuring the quality of the final product is important and is warranted through certifications and equipment renewal
The corn is the third agricultural product of Peru, whose annual production is going to be 1'675, 000 MT in 2013, representing only 50% of domestic consumption, so it does not satisfy domestic demand. Through the application of this strategic plan, in 2023 Peru will be able to feed itself, by obtaining higher yield per hectare. There are two main varieties of corn, starchy and hard yellow. In the case of starchy corn, it is cultivated by smallholder farmers who primarily satisfy their own food requirements, as well as their animals’, then they sell the surplus to middlemen. It goes to wholesalers in the major markets and from there to retailers and consumers. Instead yellow corn is mainly used to produce food for animals, and mainly for poultry, and it is harvested by both small farmers as well as for poultry farmers who are vertically integrated. After implementing this strategic plan, in 10 years Peru will have 45 races of maize starch, which will increase performance and coupled with the increase in crop area will have a production growth of 57%. All this coupled with training programs for all employees, with the use of technology and information systems on end. In the near future, strategies that will be implemented includes the development of technology applied to the crop and harvesting of modified corn to create new varieties that can get adapted to different uses such as biofuel production. The association of small producers as well as chaining different actors around a common vision will benefit the sector, where ensuring the quality of the final product is important and is warranted through certifications and equipment renewal
Descripción
Palabras clave
Maíz -- Industria y comercio -- Perú, Maíz -- Cultivos, Alimentos -- Industria y comercio -- Perú, Agroindustria -- Perú, Planificación estratégica
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