Informe Jurídico sobre el Recurso de Nulidad N° 2939-2015-LIMA El enriquecimiento ilícito, ¿un tipo penal que supone una inversión de la carga de la prueba y deja impune al cómplice que ayuda al autor a ocultar su patrimonio ilícito obtenido
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2022-08-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente Informe jurídico tiene como objeto determinar si la estructura típica del delito de
enriquecimiento ilícito supone una inversión de la carga de la prueba, esto es, si es al imputado a
quien le correspondería demostrar que su incremento patrimonial, durante el ejercicio de su
cargo, se encuentra razonablemente justificado en sus ingresos legítimos. Asimismo, establecer
el momento de su consumación; a partir de lo cual, se identificará el título de imputación
atribuible a los extraneus que coadyuvaron a ocultar los bienes adquiridos por el intraneus como
consecuencia de su incremento patrimonial ilícito. En ese sentido, el método de investigación
que se empleará será la doctrina nacional y extranjera predominante, así como los
pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales de mayor relevancia nacional.
Así, se concluirá que el enriquecimiento ilícito, en lo absoluto, implica una inversión de la carga
de la prueba y, por consiguiente, no es inconstitucional al no existir ninguna transgresión al
derecho a la presunción de inocencia y al silencio que le asiste al imputado. Igualmente, que el
delito en cuestión es de consumación instantánea, pero de naturaleza permanente, es decir, que el
extraneus que coopera a transferir los bienes adquiridos por el intraneus como consecuencia de
su incremento patrimonial ilícito deberá responder como cómplice del delito de enriquecimiento
ilícito y no por un delito autónomo. Por ende, de acuerdo con los hechos narrados en el Recurso
de Nulidad N° 2939-2015 -resolución bajo análisis-, la Corte Suprema no debió absolver a
Aurora De Vettori Rojas, Juan Carlos Chacón De Vettori, Cecilia Chacón de Vettori y Luis
Miguel Portal Barrantes como cómplices del delito de enriquecimiento ilícito.
The purpose of this Legal Report is to determine whether the typical structure of the crime of illicit enrichment implies a reversal of the burden of proof, that is, whether it is the accused who would have to prove that his increase in assets, during the exercise of his office, is reasonably justified by his legitimate income. Likewise, to establish the moment of its consummation; from which, the title of imputation attributable to the extraneus who helped to hide the assets acquired by the intraneus as a consequence of his illicit increase of patrimony will be identified. In this sense, the method of investigation that will be used will be the predominant national and foreign doctrine, as well as the jurisprudential pronouncements of greater national relevance. Thus, it will be concluded that illicit enrichment, in the absolute, implies a reversal of the burden of proof and, therefore, it is not unconstitutional since there is no transgression to the right to the presumption of innocence and the right to silence of the accused. Likewise, the crime in question is of instantaneous consummation, but of permanent nature, that is to say, that the extraneus who cooperates in the transfer of the assets acquired by the intraneus as a consequence of his illicit patrimonial increase must respond as an accomplice to the crime of illicit enrichment; not under any other specific criminal offense. Therefore, according to the facts narrated in the Appeal for Annulment No. 2939-2015 -resolution under analysis-, the Supreme Court should not have acquitted Aurora De Vettori Rojas, Juan Carlos Chacón De Vettori, Cecilia Chacón de Vettori and Luis Miguel Portal Barrantes as accomplices of the crime of illicit enrichment.
The purpose of this Legal Report is to determine whether the typical structure of the crime of illicit enrichment implies a reversal of the burden of proof, that is, whether it is the accused who would have to prove that his increase in assets, during the exercise of his office, is reasonably justified by his legitimate income. Likewise, to establish the moment of its consummation; from which, the title of imputation attributable to the extraneus who helped to hide the assets acquired by the intraneus as a consequence of his illicit increase of patrimony will be identified. In this sense, the method of investigation that will be used will be the predominant national and foreign doctrine, as well as the jurisprudential pronouncements of greater national relevance. Thus, it will be concluded that illicit enrichment, in the absolute, implies a reversal of the burden of proof and, therefore, it is not unconstitutional since there is no transgression to the right to the presumption of innocence and the right to silence of the accused. Likewise, the crime in question is of instantaneous consummation, but of permanent nature, that is to say, that the extraneus who cooperates in the transfer of the assets acquired by the intraneus as a consequence of his illicit patrimonial increase must respond as an accomplice to the crime of illicit enrichment; not under any other specific criminal offense. Therefore, according to the facts narrated in the Appeal for Annulment No. 2939-2015 -resolution under analysis-, the Supreme Court should not have acquitted Aurora De Vettori Rojas, Juan Carlos Chacón De Vettori, Cecilia Chacón de Vettori and Luis Miguel Portal Barrantes as accomplices of the crime of illicit enrichment.
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Enriquecimiento sin causa--Legislación--Perú, Presunción de inocencia--Legislación--Perú, Carga de la prueba--Legislación--Perú
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