El referéndum como mecanismo de cambio constitucional: tensiones y problemáticas a la luz del caso peruano y venezolano
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2024-04-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El problema que se aborda en este artículo es la viabilidad política y
constitucional del uso del referéndum como mecanismo de cambio constitucional
en el Perú. Esta es una polémica que se reavivó a raíz de la propuesta del ex
presidente Pedro Castillo, la cual consistió en la realización de una reforma
constitucional por medio de un referéndum para positivar la figura de la Asamblea
Constituyente. Asimismo, el marco jurídico constitucional que generó
interpretaciones divergentes ha sido el artículo 32, inciso 1 de la Constitución
peruana, el cual reconoce que por medio de referéndum puede realizarse la
reforma total de la Constitución. Además, aunque parezca una polémica nueva,
en realidad, es antigua y ello se observa en las diferentes tendencias
interpretativas generadas en el marco del Tribunal Constitucional peruano, las
cuales son contrastadas en este artículo. A dicho contraste, se le suma el análisis
de esta problemática en base al análisis de un caso latinoamericano: el del uso
del referéndum en Venezuela para el cambio constitucional (1999). Por último,
se debe mencionar que la finalidad del artículo es visibilizar las tensiones entre
la democracia representativa y democracia directa, así como de reflexionar sobre
cuál sería la interpretación más acorde con la protección del derecho de
participación política ciudadana en el Perú.
The problem addressed in this article is the political and constitutional viability of referendum as a mechanism for constitutional change in Peru. This is a controversy that was revived as a result of the proposal of former president Pedro Castillo, which consisted of carrying out a constitutional reform through a referendum to affirm the figure of the Constituent Assembly. Likewise, the constitutional legal framework that generated divergent interpretations has been article 32, paragraph 1 of the Peruvian Constitution, which recognizes that a total reform of the Constitution can be carried out through a referendum. Furthermore, although it may seem like a new controversy, in reality, it is old and this is observed in the different interpretative trends generated within the framework of the Peruvian Constitutional Court, which are contrasted in this article. To this contrast, we add the analysis of this problem based on the analysis of a Latin American case: the use of the referendum in Venezuela for constitutional change (1999). Finally, it should be mentioned that the purpose of the article is to make visible the tensions between representative democracy and direct democracy, as well as to reflect on what would be the most consistent interpretation with the protection of the right of citizen political participation in Peru.
The problem addressed in this article is the political and constitutional viability of referendum as a mechanism for constitutional change in Peru. This is a controversy that was revived as a result of the proposal of former president Pedro Castillo, which consisted of carrying out a constitutional reform through a referendum to affirm the figure of the Constituent Assembly. Likewise, the constitutional legal framework that generated divergent interpretations has been article 32, paragraph 1 of the Peruvian Constitution, which recognizes that a total reform of the Constitution can be carried out through a referendum. Furthermore, although it may seem like a new controversy, in reality, it is old and this is observed in the different interpretative trends generated within the framework of the Peruvian Constitutional Court, which are contrasted in this article. To this contrast, we add the analysis of this problem based on the analysis of a Latin American case: the use of the referendum in Venezuela for constitutional change (1999). Finally, it should be mentioned that the purpose of the article is to make visible the tensions between representative democracy and direct democracy, as well as to reflect on what would be the most consistent interpretation with the protection of the right of citizen political participation in Peru.
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Palabras clave
Referéndum--Perú, Tribunales constitucionales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Referéndum--Venezuela, Reformas constitucionales--Perú, Democracia directa--Perú
Citación
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