Sobre la posibilidad del empleador de movilizar geográficamente a una madre trabajadora en periodo de lactancia: hacia un análisis humano de la Casación Laboral n.º 2456-2014-Lima
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2023-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional abordaremos el caso de la Sra. Carmen Milagro
Bertha Rodríguez que recae en la Casación Laboral n.º 2456-2014-Lima cuya controversia radica
en el hecho de que la entidad - en el marco de su ius variandi-, decidió movilizar geográficamente
su puesto de trabajo de Lima a Lambayeque sin considerar tres variables fundamentales: (i) su
condición de madre; (ii) su condición de lactante; y, (iii) los derechos del menor.
Analizaremos si la facultad del ius variandi del empleador es absoluta y le permite modificar las
condiciones de trabajo de una madre trabajadora en periodo de lactancia usando como medio
justificante “las necesidades del servicio u operación” de su centro de trabajo. Para dichos
efectos nos valdremos de la Constitución Política del Perú, convenios internacionales ratificados
por nuestro país que forman parte del bloque de constitucionalidad y un aporte axiológico que
nos permitirá darle el enfoque humano que merece esta materia.
Concluiremos, principalmente, que no es posible que el empleador haga uso indiscriminado y
abusivo de su facultad del ius variandi en el caso de las madres lactantes para movilizaciones
geográficas, por lo que debería observar algunos requisitos copulativos propuestos por la autora
para que la movilización se entienda procedente y constitucional. Caso contrario, se causaría un
doble perjuicio: a la madre trabajadora lactante y al recién nacido, principal involucrado (a) en el
derecho a gozar de una lactancia exitosa dentro de su primera infancia y establecer vínculos de
apego con su cuidadora.
In the present work of professional sufficiency we will address the case of Mrs. Carmen Milagro Bertha Rodríguez who falls under Labor Cassation No. 2456-2014-Lima whose controversy lies in the fact that the entity - within the framework of its ius variandi -, decided to geographically mobilize her job from Lima to Lambayeque without considering three fundamental variables: (i) her status as a mother; (ii) her nursing status; and, (iii) the rights of the minor. We will analyze if the power of the ius variandi of the employer is absolute and allows him to modify the working conditions of a lactating working mother using as a means of justification "the needs of the service or operation" of his workplace. For these purposes we will use the Political Constitution of Peru, international conventions ratified by our country that are part of the block of constitutionality and an axiological contribution that will allow us to give the human approach that this matter deserves. We will mainly conclude that it is not possible for the employer to make indiscriminate and abusive use of his power of ius variandi in the case of lactating mothers for geographical mobilizations, for which reason he should observe some copulative requirements proposed by the author so that mobilization is understood to be appropriate and constitutional. Otherwise, double harm would be caused: to the lactating working mother and to the newborn, the main person involved in the right to enjoy successful breastfeeding in early childhood and establish bonds of attachment with their caregiver.
In the present work of professional sufficiency we will address the case of Mrs. Carmen Milagro Bertha Rodríguez who falls under Labor Cassation No. 2456-2014-Lima whose controversy lies in the fact that the entity - within the framework of its ius variandi -, decided to geographically mobilize her job from Lima to Lambayeque without considering three fundamental variables: (i) her status as a mother; (ii) her nursing status; and, (iii) the rights of the minor. We will analyze if the power of the ius variandi of the employer is absolute and allows him to modify the working conditions of a lactating working mother using as a means of justification "the needs of the service or operation" of his workplace. For these purposes we will use the Political Constitution of Peru, international conventions ratified by our country that are part of the block of constitutionality and an axiological contribution that will allow us to give the human approach that this matter deserves. We will mainly conclude that it is not possible for the employer to make indiscriminate and abusive use of his power of ius variandi in the case of lactating mothers for geographical mobilizations, for which reason he should observe some copulative requirements proposed by the author so that mobilization is understood to be appropriate and constitutional. Otherwise, double harm would be caused: to the lactating working mother and to the newborn, the main person involved in the right to enjoy successful breastfeeding in early childhood and establish bonds of attachment with their caregiver.
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Derecho laboral, Lactancia materna, Maternidad, Condiciones de trabajo
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