La comedia soviética como mecanismos de crítica social
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2022-10-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El régimen soviético dio mucha importancia al cine como medio de comunicación con la
población y difusión de valores, especialmente aquellos referidos al compromiso con la
Revolución, como la solidaridad y el desprendimiento. Muchas películas eran
protagonizadas por mujeres que actuaban con liderazgo y colocaban el cumplimiento
de su misión por encima de los sentimientos. Sin embargo, tras la muerte de Stalin,
también varios cineastas lograron desafiar la censura y expresar diversas críticas hacia
el régimen, siendo las comedias el género privilegiado para ello. Durante los años del
Deshielo (1953-1964), en varias exitosas comedias se criticó el autoritarismo del período
estalinista y el control asfixiante que había existido sobre sobre las expresiones
culturales. Durante el período del Estancamiento (1965-1986) en muchas comedias
se mostraban problemas como la escasez de productos, la economía ilegal y los
privilegios de los burócratas. En relación a la mujer, un tema recurrente fue cómo
sacrificaban sus vínculos sociales y proyectos personales por seguir la causa del Estado
soviético y solamente cuando afirmaban su femineidad y cuidaban su apariencia
lograban ser felices. Posteriormente, con la disolución de la Unión Soviética (1991),
muchas películas describían una atmósfera de frustración y desesperanza, pero algunos
cineastas afirmaron en sus películas que en medio de la crisis, las personas debían ser
coherentes con sus propios valores. Para las mujeres, la opción de ser bellas y
glamorosas ya no era realmente garantía de felicidad.
For the Soviet regime, cinema was a very important mechanism to disseminate values among people, specially support of the revolution and solidarity and self-sacrifice. Women were the main characters in many films acting as leaders and placing the fulfillment of their misión before their feelings. However, after Stalin’s death, some directors decided to defy censorship and to express their criticism to the regime, specially using comedies. During Thaw period (1953-1964) some succesful comedies criticised the authoritarianism of stalinism and the suffocanting control over cultural expressions, although these pictures did not reject the socialist regime. During the Stagnation period (1965-1986) many comedies showed problems such a shortage of basic products, underground economy, privileges of bureacrats and alienation of some people, above all women, who sacrified their social and personal life because were totally devoted to the Soviet regime. Only when those women asserted female condiction, taking care of their physical appearance and following tradicional gender roles, managed to be happy. Finally, after the disolution of the Soviet Union, many films described an atmosphere of frustration and lack of hope, but some directors insisted that, in the middle of the crisis, people shoud be coherent with their values. For women, trying to be beautiful and glamorouse no longer guaranteed happiness.
For the Soviet regime, cinema was a very important mechanism to disseminate values among people, specially support of the revolution and solidarity and self-sacrifice. Women were the main characters in many films acting as leaders and placing the fulfillment of their misión before their feelings. However, after Stalin’s death, some directors decided to defy censorship and to express their criticism to the regime, specially using comedies. During Thaw period (1953-1964) some succesful comedies criticised the authoritarianism of stalinism and the suffocanting control over cultural expressions, although these pictures did not reject the socialist regime. During the Stagnation period (1965-1986) many comedies showed problems such a shortage of basic products, underground economy, privileges of bureacrats and alienation of some people, above all women, who sacrified their social and personal life because were totally devoted to the Soviet regime. Only when those women asserted female condiction, taking care of their physical appearance and following tradicional gender roles, managed to be happy. Finally, after the disolution of the Soviet Union, many films described an atmosphere of frustration and lack of hope, but some directors insisted that, in the middle of the crisis, people shoud be coherent with their values. For women, trying to be beautiful and glamorouse no longer guaranteed happiness.
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Comedia--URSS, Cine--URSS, No violencia--URSS
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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