Buenas prácticas en la gestión de la eficiencia operacional casos de empresas del sector transporte terrestre de combustibles líquidos en el Perú
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Date
2019-01-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar las buenas prácticas implementadas
para lograr eficiencia operacional en las empresas de transporte terrestre de combustibles
líquidos en el Perú. Para fines del estudio, se entiende como buenas prácticas a las actividades
que implementadas de manera sistemática generan resultados sobresalientes; con la
característica de que pueden adaptarse a diferentes empresas e incluso en diferentes
industrias. Se diseñó una investigación exploratoria, ya que no se encontraron estudios
similares en el Perú ni en el sector de transporte terrestre de combustibles; pero además es no
experimental y de alcance descriptivo porque se busca caracterizar o describir a las buenas
prácticas y como esto se hizo con información recopilada en julio y agosto de 2018, se define
al estudio también como transeccional. Dentro del diseño, se consideró el enfoque cualitativo
y se aplicó el método de análisis de casos múltiples, reuniendo información de cuatro
empresas que operan dentro del sector, con un alcance nacional; para lo cual se recurrió a una
guía de entrevista con preguntas abiertas. Luego de procesar la información recopilada
utilizando el Atlas Ti se procedió a presentar resultados y esto permitió concluir que las
buenas prácticas comunes en la industria son: (a) desarrollo de planes de contingencia ante
accidentes o derrames, (b) establecer controles de consumo de combustible por ruta, por
unidad y/o por chofer, (c) establecer indicadores de gestión, (d) gestionar el monitoreo de las
unidades mediante GPS, (e) medir y manejar el estrés, (f) establecer horarios de conducción,
(g) implementar planes de mantenimiento preventivo, (h) realizar programas de integración
del personal, (i) implementar planes y programas de capacitación, entre otros. Por otra parte,
una buena práctica que se identificó con el desarrollo de esta investigación fue el uso de
herramientas tecnológicas, para el monitoreo de conducción y de las unidades, pero no está
difundida entre todas las empresas.
The objective of this research is to identify the best practices implemented to achieve operational efficiency in companies that offer land transportation of liquid fuels in Peru. For the purposes of the study, best practices are understood as those activities that systematically implemented generate outstanding results; with the characteristic that they can be adapted to different companies and even in different industries. An exploratory research was designed, since no similar studies were found in Peru or in the land transportation sector of fuels; but it is also non-experimental and has a descriptive scope because it seeks to characterize or describe best practices and since this was done with information gathered between July and August 2018, the study is also defined as transectional. A qualitative approach, using the multiple case analysis method has been appropriate to gather information from four companies that operate with a national scope within the sector; for which an interview guide with open questions was used. After processing the information collected using the Atlas Ti, results were presented and this allowed us to conclude that good common practices in the industry are: (a) development of contingency plans for accidents or spills, (b) establish consumption controls for fuel per route, per unit and / or per driver, (c) establish management indicators, (d) manage unit monitoring by GPS, (e) measure and manage stress, (f) establish driving schedules, ( g) implement preventive maintenance plans, (h) carry out personnel integration programs, (i) implement plans and training programs; among others. On the other hand, a good practice that was identified with the development of this research was the use of technological tools for the monitoring of driving and of the units, but it is not spread among all the companies.
The objective of this research is to identify the best practices implemented to achieve operational efficiency in companies that offer land transportation of liquid fuels in Peru. For the purposes of the study, best practices are understood as those activities that systematically implemented generate outstanding results; with the characteristic that they can be adapted to different companies and even in different industries. An exploratory research was designed, since no similar studies were found in Peru or in the land transportation sector of fuels; but it is also non-experimental and has a descriptive scope because it seeks to characterize or describe best practices and since this was done with information gathered between July and August 2018, the study is also defined as transectional. A qualitative approach, using the multiple case analysis method has been appropriate to gather information from four companies that operate with a national scope within the sector; for which an interview guide with open questions was used. After processing the information collected using the Atlas Ti, results were presented and this allowed us to conclude that good common practices in the industry are: (a) development of contingency plans for accidents or spills, (b) establish consumption controls for fuel per route, per unit and / or per driver, (c) establish management indicators, (d) manage unit monitoring by GPS, (e) measure and manage stress, (f) establish driving schedules, ( g) implement preventive maintenance plans, (h) carry out personnel integration programs, (i) implement plans and training programs; among others. On the other hand, a good practice that was identified with the development of this research was the use of technological tools for the monitoring of driving and of the units, but it is not spread among all the companies.
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Keywords
Desarrollo sostenible, Transporte--Perú, Combustibles--Industria y comercio--Perú, Investigación cuantitativa
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