La gestión descentralizada de los servicios educativos: una mirada desde la implementación de la reforma institucional de las instancias de gestión educativa descentralizada en la región San Martín
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2023-11-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo, se sitúa en el proceso de modernización del Estado,
específicamente reforma organizacional, busca explicar cuáles han sido los
factores que han influido en el proceso de implementación de la reforma
institucional en las Instancias de Gestión Educativa Descentralizada en la región
San Martín, entre los años 2007 al 2017; partiendo del reconocimiento que las
políticas públicas (en sus diferentes fases) son afectadas por distintos factores
que explican su éxito o fracaso.
Para este propósito, se ha propuesto un modelo de análisis del proceso de
implementación, mediante el cual se han identificado diez factores los cuales han
sido organizados en tres tipos: i) factores asociados al diseño, referido a la
evaluación del diseño de la política pública, en función de sus objetivos,
características y actores participantes, ii) factores de contexto, referido a
aquellas condiciones legales, sociales, económicas y políticas que dan en marco
para el desarrollo de la política pública, y iii) factores institucionales, referido a
las características de la agencia, a los recursos financieros disponibles, a la
capacidad de los recursos humanos y a la comunicación interorganizativa.
A través del análisis de cada uno de estos factores, es que la investigación
demuestra que la reforma institucional en la región San Martín, ha sido una
reforma novedosa que ha servido de referente a diferentes entidades del nivel
nacional, pero que en su implementación se ha enfrentado a distintos problemas
que han limitado su cumplimiento y que a pesar de tener más de un decenio aún
no concluye.
This paper is situated in the process of modernization of the State, specifically organizational reform. Thus, it seeks to explain the factors that have influenced the implementation process of the institutional reform in the Decentralized Educational Management Instances in the San Martin city, from 2007 to 2017, based on the recognition that public policies (in their different phases) are affected by different factors that explain their success or failure. For this purpose, a model for analyzing the implementation process has been proposed, by means of which ten factors have been identified and organized into three types: i) factors associated with the design, referring to the evaluation of the design of the public policy, in terms of its objectives, characteristics and participating actors, ii) contextual factors, referring to those legal, social, economic and political conditions that provide the framework for the development of the public policy, and iii) institutional factors, referring to the characteristics of the agency, available financial resources, human resource capacity and interorganizational communication. Through the analysis of each of these factors, the research shows that the institutional reform in the Decentralized Educational Management Instances in the San Martin city, has been a novel reform that has served as a reference for different entities at the national level, that has had laudable objectives in its design (in favor of students), but that in its implementation it has faced different problems that have limited its fulfillment and that despite having more than a decade, it has not yet concluded.
This paper is situated in the process of modernization of the State, specifically organizational reform. Thus, it seeks to explain the factors that have influenced the implementation process of the institutional reform in the Decentralized Educational Management Instances in the San Martin city, from 2007 to 2017, based on the recognition that public policies (in their different phases) are affected by different factors that explain their success or failure. For this purpose, a model for analyzing the implementation process has been proposed, by means of which ten factors have been identified and organized into three types: i) factors associated with the design, referring to the evaluation of the design of the public policy, in terms of its objectives, characteristics and participating actors, ii) contextual factors, referring to those legal, social, economic and political conditions that provide the framework for the development of the public policy, and iii) institutional factors, referring to the characteristics of the agency, available financial resources, human resource capacity and interorganizational communication. Through the analysis of each of these factors, the research shows that the institutional reform in the Decentralized Educational Management Instances in the San Martin city, has been a novel reform that has served as a reference for different entities at the national level, that has had laudable objectives in its design (in favor of students), but that in its implementation it has faced different problems that have limited its fulfillment and that despite having more than a decade, it has not yet concluded.
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Escuelas--Descentralización--Perú--San Martín, Administración escolar--Perú--San Martín, Educación y Estado--Perú--San Martín
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