El discurso sobre la subjetividad femenina en los episodios de cambio de un proceso de psicoterapia psicoanalítica focal con una mujer en situación de violencia de pareja
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2021-05-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El interés del psicoanálisis por comprender la subjetividad femenina, por mucho tiempo,
estuvo centrado en el desarrollo de la sexualidad (Chodorow, 1984; Gilligan, 1986). Este
acercamiento teórico redujo el impacto del factor intersubjetivo en el desarrollo femenino.
El foco de estudio ahora gira en torno a la subjetividad, según la cual toda experiencia
interna está cargada de sentido, y al mismo tiempo tiene influencia de los encuentros con
otras subjetividades (Benjamin, 1996). Por lo tanto, la subjetividad femenina se define en
relación a la identidad femenina. En los encuentros con otras subjetividades, pueden
emerger relaciones desiguales basadas en las diferencias de género expresadas en la
asignación de los roles de género (Chodorow, 1984). Por eso, este estudio busca
comprender el discurso sobre la subjetividad femenina en un proceso de psicoterapia
psicoanalítica focal de una mujer en situación de violencia de pareja. Para ello, se utiliza un
caso único sistematizado, grabado y transcrito, de doce sesiones. El método usado es el
análisis temático, que divide en categorías el contenido referente al discurso sobre la
subjetividad femenina. Se encuentra que la Terapia interpersonal dinámica breve promueve
cambios en la subjetividad de las personas. Estos cambios se constatan en la relación con la
pareja, en aspectos como tendencia al sacrificio, asimetría, falta de libertad y resignación;
mientras que en la relación consigo misma, resaltan las variaciones en la capacidad para la
agencia. Sin embargo, se conservan aspectos que guardan estrecha relación con la identidad
femenina, como las tendencias a complacer y obedecer, y el descuido de sí misma.
For a long time, psychoanalysis focused on the development of sexuality to understand female subjectivity (Chodorow, 1984; Gilligan, 1986). This theoretical approach reduced the intersubjective factor impact on female development. The focus of study, now, revolves around subjectivity, which means that the internal experiences are charged with meaning, and at the same time has influences from encounters with other subjectivities (Benjamin, 1996). Hence, female subjectivity is defined in relation to female identity. In encounters with other subjectivities, unequal relationships may arise based on gender differences expressed in the assignment of gender roles (Chodorow, 1984). Therefore, the present study seeks to understand the female subjectivity discourse in a brief psychoanalytic psychotherapeutic process in a female patient in a partner violence situation. To do this, a systematized single case of twelve sessions, which was recorded and transcribed, is used. The selected method was the thematic analysis in order to divide the content related to the discourse on female subjectivity into categories. It is found that the brief dynamic interpersonal therapy promotes changes in the subjectivity of people. These transformations are verified in the relationship with others, mainly with the couple, in aspects such as a tendency to sacrifice, asymmetry, lack of freedom and resignation; while in the relationship with the herself, there are variations in the agency capacity. However, other aspects that are closely related to female identity, such as tendencies towards complacency and obedience, and self-neglect are preserved.
For a long time, psychoanalysis focused on the development of sexuality to understand female subjectivity (Chodorow, 1984; Gilligan, 1986). This theoretical approach reduced the intersubjective factor impact on female development. The focus of study, now, revolves around subjectivity, which means that the internal experiences are charged with meaning, and at the same time has influences from encounters with other subjectivities (Benjamin, 1996). Hence, female subjectivity is defined in relation to female identity. In encounters with other subjectivities, unequal relationships may arise based on gender differences expressed in the assignment of gender roles (Chodorow, 1984). Therefore, the present study seeks to understand the female subjectivity discourse in a brief psychoanalytic psychotherapeutic process in a female patient in a partner violence situation. To do this, a systematized single case of twelve sessions, which was recorded and transcribed, is used. The selected method was the thematic analysis in order to divide the content related to the discourse on female subjectivity into categories. It is found that the brief dynamic interpersonal therapy promotes changes in the subjectivity of people. These transformations are verified in the relationship with others, mainly with the couple, in aspects such as a tendency to sacrifice, asymmetry, lack of freedom and resignation; while in the relationship with the herself, there are variations in the agency capacity. However, other aspects that are closely related to female identity, such as tendencies towards complacency and obedience, and self-neglect are preserved.
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Subjetividad, Psicoanálisis y feminismo, Violencia contra la mujer, Depresión mental, Psicoterapia