La vulneración de derechos constitucionales del actor civil en el proceso de terminación anticipada
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2021-11-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente producción académica se cimienta en la dinámica establecida dentro del
proceso especial de terminación anticipada (en adelante T.A.), como manifestación del
derecho premial, establecida en el Art. 468° del nuevo modelo procesal penal (en adelante
nCPP), el mismo que muestra como principal objetivo el resultado rápido y eficaz de la
tan anhelada “justicia”, mostrándose como una manera de simplificación del tortuoso y
dilatado proceso penal. Este proceso es la manifestación de la justicia negociada, con
mayor preponderancia entre el fiscal y el imputado, con la finalidad de poner fin al
conflicto durante la etapa de investigación. Sin embargo, cuando analizamos la actuación
del actor civil, quien también forma parte de la relación jurídica procesal por haber sufrido
materialmente la comisión del delito, detectamos que aquel tiene una participación
limitada durante las negociaciones. Lo que solamente existe, es una aparente garantía en
su favor, que es el derecho de impugnación establecido en el núm. 7 del acotado articulo
procesal, cuando aquel no está conforme con la fijación de la indemnización económica
postulatoria -reparación civil. Por ello, sostenemos que el proceso de T.A. afecta los
derechos en sus hebras más fundamentales como lo son: la dignidad humana, tutela
judicial y el debido proceso que corre a favor del actor civil ya que, durante el desarrollo
de este proceso especial, el actor civil no tiene una participación trascendental y los jueces
no garantizan sus derechos, a pesar de que lo que se negocia constituye el objeto civil del
proceso, es decir su pretensión principal.
This academic production is based on the dynamics established within the special process of early termination (hereinafter TA), as a manifestation of the award law, established in Art. 468 of the new criminal procedural model (hereinafter nCPP), the same as shows as its main objective the quick and effective result of the much desired "justice", showing itself as a way of simplifying the tortuous and lengthy criminal process. This process is the manifestation of negotiated justice, with greater preponderance between the prosecutor and the accused, in order to put an end to the conflict during the investigation stage. However, when we analyze the performance of the civil actor, who is also part of the procedural legal relationship for having materially suffered the commission of the crime, we detect that he has a limited participation during the negotiations. What only exists is an apparent guarantee in their favor, which is the right to challenge established in no. 7 of the limited procedural article, when he is not satisfied with the fixation of the postulatory economic compensation - civil reparation. Therefore, we maintain that the T.A. affects rights in their most fundamental strands such as: human dignity, judicial protection and due process that runs in favor of the civil actor since, during the development of this special process, the civil actor does not have a transcendental participation and the Judges do not guarantee their rights, despite the fact that what is negotiated constitutes the civil object of the process, that is, its main claim.
This academic production is based on the dynamics established within the special process of early termination (hereinafter TA), as a manifestation of the award law, established in Art. 468 of the new criminal procedural model (hereinafter nCPP), the same as shows as its main objective the quick and effective result of the much desired "justice", showing itself as a way of simplifying the tortuous and lengthy criminal process. This process is the manifestation of negotiated justice, with greater preponderance between the prosecutor and the accused, in order to put an end to the conflict during the investigation stage. However, when we analyze the performance of the civil actor, who is also part of the procedural legal relationship for having materially suffered the commission of the crime, we detect that he has a limited participation during the negotiations. What only exists is an apparent guarantee in their favor, which is the right to challenge established in no. 7 of the limited procedural article, when he is not satisfied with the fixation of the postulatory economic compensation - civil reparation. Therefore, we maintain that the T.A. affects rights in their most fundamental strands such as: human dignity, judicial protection and due process that runs in favor of the civil actor since, during the development of this special process, the civil actor does not have a transcendental participation and the Judges do not guarantee their rights, despite the fact that what is negotiated constitutes the civil object of the process, that is, its main claim.
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Derecho procesal penal--Legislación, Procedimiento penal--Perú, Reparación civil (Derecho penal), Víctimas de crímenes