Permanencia y abandono del PCP-SL: reintegración a la sociedad de los presos por terrorismo del PCP-SL en Lima
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Date
2022-03-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En los últimos años, la mayoría de los sentenciados por terrorismo han
cumplido sus sentencias en prisión y se han reintegrado a la sociedad. En dicho
proceso, se ha constatado que existen diversas trayectorias. Por este motivo, la
presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las razones de algunos
sentenciados por terrorismo de continuar o abandonar el PCP-SL durante el
periodo del posconflicto en Lima. En ese sentido, lo que explica la permanencia
en el PCP-SL es que, durante el encarcelamiento en la década de 1980, se
desarrollaron lealtades entre los miembros de la organización y con el partido
que sedimentaron el compromiso de los militantes con el PCP-SL. Además,
durante el posconflicto, han encontrado en la participación dentro de los grupos
afines al PCP-SL un mecanismo en el que afianzan su identidad política.
Consideran que, en algún momento, llegará la “sociedad de la gran armonía” y
continúan en la organización.
De otro lado, el desvinculamiento del PCP-SL inició a fines de la década
de 1990, cuando se produjo un conflicto entre los militantes de rangos bajos y la
dirigencia en Castro Castro. Sin embargo, aún no se consideraban fuera de la
organización, este proceso culminaría cuando se reintegraron a la sociedad. Se
decepcionaron del proyecto del Movadef y consideraron que Abimael Guzmán
era el principal responsable de la derrota del PCP-SL durante el conflicto y de
los errores del Movadef. Los exmilitantes interpretan su salida de la organización
como un acto coherente con los ideales por los que lucharon, ya que,
permanecer en el PCP-SL sería continuar bajo el liderazgo de una persona que
habría traicionado a la línea del partido.
In recent years, the majority of those convicted of terrorism have served their prison sentences and have been reintegrated into society. In this process, it has been confirmed that they followed various trajectories. Therefore, the present research aims to identify the reasons of some convicted of terrorism for continuing or leaving the PCP-SL during the post-conflict period in Lima. Thus, what explains the permanence in the PCP-SL is that, during the incarceration in the 1980s, loyalties had been developed among the members of the movement and with the party that established the militants' commitment to the PCP-SL. In addition, during the post-conflict, they have found in the participation within the groups related to the PCP-SL a mechanism in which they strengthen their political identity. They considere that, at some point, the “society of great harmony” will arrive and they stay in the organization. Furthermore, the disengagement from the PCP-SL began in the late 1990s, when there was a dispute between lower-ranking militants and the leadership in Castro Castro. However, they were not yet considered outside the organization, this process would culminate when they were reintegrated into society. They were disappointed of the Movadef project and considered that Abimael Guzmán was primarily responsible for the defeat of the PCP-SL during the armed conflict and for the mistakes of the Movadef. The ex-militants interpret their departure from the organization as an act consistent with the ideals for which they fought, since to remain in the PCP-SL would be to continue under the leadership of a person who would have betrayed the party line.
In recent years, the majority of those convicted of terrorism have served their prison sentences and have been reintegrated into society. In this process, it has been confirmed that they followed various trajectories. Therefore, the present research aims to identify the reasons of some convicted of terrorism for continuing or leaving the PCP-SL during the post-conflict period in Lima. Thus, what explains the permanence in the PCP-SL is that, during the incarceration in the 1980s, loyalties had been developed among the members of the movement and with the party that established the militants' commitment to the PCP-SL. In addition, during the post-conflict, they have found in the participation within the groups related to the PCP-SL a mechanism in which they strengthen their political identity. They considere that, at some point, the “society of great harmony” will arrive and they stay in the organization. Furthermore, the disengagement from the PCP-SL began in the late 1990s, when there was a dispute between lower-ranking militants and the leadership in Castro Castro. However, they were not yet considered outside the organization, this process would culminate when they were reintegrated into society. They were disappointed of the Movadef project and considered that Abimael Guzmán was primarily responsible for the defeat of the PCP-SL during the armed conflict and for the mistakes of the Movadef. The ex-militants interpret their departure from the organization as an act consistent with the ideals for which they fought, since to remain in the PCP-SL would be to continue under the leadership of a person who would have betrayed the party line.
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Sendero Luminoso--Perú, Violencia política--Perú, Partidos políticos--Perú
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