A Paleogenomic Reconstruction of the Deep Population History of the Andes

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dc.contributor.affiliationPontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Humanidades
dc.contributor.authorNakatsuka, N.
dc.contributor.authorLazaridis, I.
dc.contributor.authorBarbieri, C.
dc.contributor.authorSkoglund, P.
dc.contributor.authorRohland, N.
dc.contributor.authorMallick, S.
dc.contributor.authorPosth, C.
dc.contributor.authorHarkins-Kinkaid, K.
dc.contributor.authorFerry, M.
dc.contributor.authorHarney, É.
dc.contributor.authorMichel, M.
dc.contributor.authorStewardson, K.
dc.contributor.authorNovak-Forst, J.
dc.contributor.authorCapriles, J.M.
dc.contributor.authorDurruty, M.A.
dc.contributor.authorÁlvarez, K.A.
dc.contributor.authorBeresford-Jones, D.
dc.contributor.authorBurg
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-13T16:59:39Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThere are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ∼9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today’s genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ∼2,000–500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also highlight cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin.
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding: We thank the local Peruvian cultural heritage institutions, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru (MNAAHP), and the Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco for the permission to sample and carry out research on the archaeological skeletal remains. Permits for this work were granted by the Ministry of Culture of the government of Peru (the former National Institute of Cultural Heritage-INC) Resoluci?nes Viceministeriales and Resoluci?nes Directoral Nacional RDN-419-96/INC, RDN-1346, 017-2010, 120-2010, 0028-2010, 545-2011, 369-2011, 019-2010, 092-2016, 026-2018-VMPCIC-MC, Credencial No 0/0-83-DCIRBM, and Acuerdo No 043-CRTA-INC-80. We thank the Bolivian Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo, the Viceministerio de Interculturalidad, and the Unidad de Arqueolog?a y Museos as well as the Gobiernos Aut?nomos Municipales de Oruro, Tihuanacu and La Paz for granting research and export permits including Autorizaci?n UNAR 093/2007, UDAM-Autorizacio?n 015/2012, and MDCyT-UDAM 101/2017 Gobiernos Aut?nomos Departamentales and Municipales of La Paz, Oruro and Tihuanacu for granting research and export permits including Autorizaciones UNAR 093/2007, MDCyT-UDAM 015/2012, and MDCyT-UDAM 101/2017. We thank the Chilean Government, the Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, Chile, the Museo San Miguel de Azapa, the Instituto de Alta Investigaci?n, Dr. Bernardo Arriaza, and the Universidad de Tarapac?, for granting permission and facilitating the access to the individuals from Northern Chile. The Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, Chile, granted Order CMN 3904-18 for the excavation of the Pukara-6 site. We thank Mark Lipson, Vagheesh Narasimhan, I?igo Olalde, and Nick Patterson for critical comments and discussions. N.N. is supported by an NIGMS (GM007753) fellowship. L.F.-S. was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (1515138), a UC-MRPI-Catalyst grant (UC-17-445724), and the Wenner-Gren Foundation (SC-14-62). P.S. is supported by the Francis Crick Institute (FC001595), which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust. D.R. was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation HOMINID (BCS-1032255), the NIH (GM100233), by an Allen Discovery Center grant, by the John Templeton Foundation (61220), and is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. C.B. is supported by the University Research Priority Program of Evolution in Action of the University of Zurich. M.A.-D. was supported by the National Geographic project in the pilot program ?Ancient DNA: Peopling of the Americas, 2018.? P.G.M. was supported by the National Geographic Society (NGS-50543R-18) and CONICET (PIP 0414). B.L. is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT170100448), and the work was supported by The University of Adelaide's Environment Institute. W.H,. B.L. D.R. and L.F.-S. initiated the study. It was further developed working with N.N. C.B. P.S. C.P. A.C. and J.K. J.N.-F. M.A.-D. K.A.A. D.B.-J. R.B. L.C. J.M.C. J.I. G.L. C.L.A. S.L.B. S.C.M. F.M. P.G.M. B.J.C. J.Q. G.P. M. Reindel, M. Rivera, L.S. C.M.S. N.S. V.S. M.I.B. I.F.E. E.T.-C. G.V. W.H. B.L. L.F.-S. and K.R. excavated archaeological sites, provided or acquired samples, and contextualized the archaeological findings. R.F. J.L. and C.B. acquired the modern genomic reference data and supervised the contextualization. B.J.C. and T.K.H. analyzed radiocarbon data, supervised by D.J.K. N.R. S.M. K.H.-K. M.F. E.H. M.M. K.S. J.N.-F. and G.V. performed ancient DNA laboratory and data processing work, supervised by N.R. B.L. D.R. and L.F.-S. N.N. and L.F.-S. led the genetic data analysis supported by I.L. P.S. S.M. and C.P. and supervised by D.R. N.N. D.R. and L.F.-S. wrote the manuscript with input from C.B. P.S. R.B. J.M.C. J.Q. G.P. E.T.-C. A.C. W.H. and B.L. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.; Funding text 2: We thank the local Peruvian cultural heritage institutions, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru (MNAAHP), and the Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco for the permission to sample and carry out research on the archaeological skeletal remains. Permits for this work were granted by the Ministry of Culture of the government of Peru (the former National Institute of Cultural Heritage-INC) Resoluciónes Viceministeriales and Resoluciónes Directoral Nacional RDN-419-96/INC, RDN-1346, 017-2010, 120-2010, 0028-2010, 545-2011, 369-2011, 019-2010, 092-2016, 026-2018-VMPCIC-MC, Credencial No 0/0-83-DCIRBM, and Acuerdo No 043-CRTA-INC-80. We thank the Bolivian Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo, the Viceministerio de Interculturalidad, and the Unidad de Arqueología y Museos as well as the Gobiernos Autónomos Municipales de Oruro, Tihuanacu and La Paz for granting research and export permits including Autorización UNAR 093/2007, UDAM-Autorizacio\u0301n 015/2012, and MDCyT-UDAM 101/2017 Gobiernos Autónomos Departamentales and Municipales of La Paz, Oruro and Tihuanacu for granting research and export permits including Autorizaciones UNAR 093/2007, MDCyT-UDAM 015/2012, and MDCyT-UDAM 101/2017. We thank the Chilean Government, the Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, Chile, the Museo San Miguel de Azapa, the Instituto de Alta Investigación, Dr. Bernardo Arriaza, and the Universidad de Tarapacá, for granting permission and facilitating the access to the individuals from Northern Chile. The Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, Chile, granted Order CMN 3904-18 for the excavation of the Pukara-6 site. We thank Mark Lipson, Vagheesh Narasimhan, Iñigo Olalde, and Nick Patterson for critical comments and discussions. N.N. is supported by an NIGMS ( GM007753 ) fellowship. L.F.-S. was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) ( 1515138 ), a UC-MRPI-Catalyst grant ( UC-17-445724 ), and the Wenner-Gren Foundation ( SC-14-62 ). P.S. is supported by the Francis Crick Institute ( FC001595 ), which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK , the UK Medical Research Council , and the Wellcome Trust . D.R. was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation HOMINID ( BCS-1032255 ), the NIH ( GM100233 ), by an Allen Discovery Center grant, by the John Templeton Foundation ( 61220 ), and is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. C.B. is supported by the University Research Priority Program of Evolution in Action of the University of Zurich . M.A.-D. was supported by the National Geographic project in the pilot program "Ancient DNA: Peopling of the Americas, 2018." P.G.M. was supported by the National Geographic Society ( NGS-50543R-18 ) and CONICET ( PIP 0414 ). B.L. is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship ( FT170100448 ), and the work was supported by The University of Adelaide's Environment Institute.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.015
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14657/206390
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherCell Press
dc.relation.ispartofurn:issn:0092-8674
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.sourceCell; Vol. 181, Núm. 5 (2020)
dc.subjectAndes
dc.subjectPopulation genetics
dc.subjectArchaeology
dc.subjectAnthropology
dc.subjectAncient DNA
dc.subject.ocdehttps://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.04.03
dc.titleA Paleogenomic Reconstruction of the Deep Population History of the Andes
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.otherArtículo
dc.type.versionhttps://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/version_types/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85/

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