Sentido de comunidad, participación comunitaria y agencia personal en habitantes de un asentamiento humano del distrito de San Martín de Porres en Lima
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2017-11-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En los asentamientos humanos de Lima se afrontan problemáticas y necesidades que llevan
a las personas a formar redes comunitarias para resolverlas; alcanzados dichos objetivos, en
ocasiones, la participación suele verse afectada y desaparece, por lo que fortalecer factores
determinantes de dicha participación permitiría que las personas continúen trabajando de
manera organizada en mejoras para su comunidad. Asimismo, la participación comunitaria
podría tener un impacto favorable en los individuos que permita potenciar su capacidad de
decidir e influenciar sobre sus propias acciones. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como
objetivo analizar la relación entre sentido de comunidad, participación comunitaria y
agencia personal en personas que viven en un asentamiento humano de un distrito de la
zona norte de Lima (N= 110). Se aplicaron las escalas de Sentido de comunidad, SCI-2
(Chavis, Lee & Acosta, 2008), Participación Comunitaria (Freire, 2012), Grado de
Participación, y la Escala para medir Agencia Personal y Empoderamiento, ESAGE (Pick
et al., 2007). Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre las dimensiones del
sentido de comunidad con las dimensiones de participación comunitaria. Se realizó un
análisis de ruta para analizar de manera general las relaciones entre las variables estudiadas,
este sugiere un modelo donde la identificación con la historia compartida, los sentimientos
de pertenencia e inversión personal y la satisfacción de necesidades influyen en las tres
dimensiones de la participación comunitaria: confianza y cohesión, inversión y acción
social, y conocimiento y compromiso. A su vez la inversión de recursos en la comunidad
media el involucramiento en organizaciones de la comunidad.
In Lima’s shanty towns problems and needs are faced that lead people to form community networks to solve them; once these objectives have been achieved, on occasions, participation is often affected and disappears, hence strengthening determining factors of community participation would allow people to continue to work in an organized way in improvements for their community. Moreover, community participation could have a favorable impact on individuals that allow them to enhance their capacity to decide and influence their own actions. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the relationship between sense of community, community participation and personal agency in people living in a shanty town of a district in the north zone of Lima (N = 110). Sense of Community Index, SCI-2 (Chavis, Lee & Acosta, 2008), Community Participation (Freire, 2012), Degree of participation, and the Personal Agency and Empowerment Scale (ESAGE) (Pick et al., 2007) were applied. The results showed significant associations between sense of community’s dimensions and community participation’s dimensions. A path analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between the variables studied. This suggests a model where identification with shared history, feelings of belonging and personal investment and satisfaction of needs influence the three dimensions of community participation: trust and cohesion, investment and social action, and knowledge and commitment. In addition, investment of resources in the community moderates the involvement in community organizations.
In Lima’s shanty towns problems and needs are faced that lead people to form community networks to solve them; once these objectives have been achieved, on occasions, participation is often affected and disappears, hence strengthening determining factors of community participation would allow people to continue to work in an organized way in improvements for their community. Moreover, community participation could have a favorable impact on individuals that allow them to enhance their capacity to decide and influence their own actions. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the relationship between sense of community, community participation and personal agency in people living in a shanty town of a district in the north zone of Lima (N = 110). Sense of Community Index, SCI-2 (Chavis, Lee & Acosta, 2008), Community Participation (Freire, 2012), Degree of participation, and the Personal Agency and Empowerment Scale (ESAGE) (Pick et al., 2007) were applied. The results showed significant associations between sense of community’s dimensions and community participation’s dimensions. A path analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between the variables studied. This suggests a model where identification with shared history, feelings of belonging and personal investment and satisfaction of needs influence the three dimensions of community participation: trust and cohesion, investment and social action, and knowledge and commitment. In addition, investment of resources in the community moderates the involvement in community organizations.
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Desarrollo de la comunidad, Psicología social, Psicología comunitaria
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