Conflictos internos e institucionalización partidaria: la interacción entre facciones en partidos políticos peruanos (2016-2020)
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2023-01-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El estudio de los partidos políticos implica entenderlos como parte de un todo
–sistema de partidos-, pero también como un todo en sí mismos. Esto último, es
comprender que dentro de ellos funcionan subsistemas y estructuras que permiten
su existencia en la arena política de un país. Debido a que los partidos políticos no
son organizaciones homogéneas, para comprenderlos en su especificidad, se
necesita estudiar la forma en que se dan las relaciones entre los actores que
componen la organización y las dinámicas que dan lugar a esto. En este sentido, la
presente investigación tiene como finalidad entender los efectos de las pugnas
intrapartidistas en la consolidación de procesos burocráticos propios de estas
instituciones políticas. La hipótesis que se plantea en este trabajo es que el impacto
de la competencia entre facciones, tanto en espacios formales como informales, está
determinado por el espacio predominante donde se da esta interacción entre
oligarquías que disputan el poder administrativo de la organización. Para abordar lo
mencionado, se estudiarán y compararán las dinámicas de competencia interna
entre las facciones existentes dentro de dos partidos: el Partido Aprista Peruano
(PAP) y Acción Popular (AP). El estudio de ambos casos, permitirá entender que los
conflictos intrapartidarios presentan una variación en el mundo real, pues se ha visto
que la trayectoria de ambos partidos ha ido en rumbos distintos, mientras el PAP ha
perdido de forma constante su presencia en la arena electoral, AP ha logrado
sobrevivir de forma relativamente exitosa, a pesar de que en ambas organizaciones
ha habido conflictos entre facciones. En ese orden, el estudio de las trayectorias de
dos partidos que en décadas anteriores fueron catalogados como parte de un
sistema de partidos institucionalizado resulta relevante y complementario a lo que se
ha venido estudiando.
The study of political parties implies understanding them as part of a whole –party system-, but also as a whole in themselves. The latter is to understand that subsystems and structures function within them that allow their existence in the political arena of a country. Because political parties are not homogeneous organizations, in order to understand them in their specificity, it is necessary to study the way in which the relationships exist between the actors that make up the organization and the dynamics that give rise to this. In this sense, the present research aims to understand the effects of intra-party struggles in the consolidation of bureaucratic processes typical of these political institutions. The hypothesis proposed in this work is that the impact of competition between factions, both in formal and informal spaces, is determined by the predominant space where this interaction occurs between oligarchies that dispute the administrative power of the organization. To address the aforementioned, the dynamics of internal competition between the existing factions within two parties will be studied and compared: The Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) and Popular Action (AP). The study of both cases will allow us to understand that intra-party conflicts present a variation in the real world, since it has been seen that the trajectory of both parties has gone in different directions, while the PAP has constantly lost its presence in the electoral arena. The AP has managed to survive relatively successfully, despite the fact that in both organizations there have been conflicts between factions. In that order, the study of the trajectories of two parties that in previous decades were classified as part of an institutionalized party system is relevant and complementary to what has been studied.
The study of political parties implies understanding them as part of a whole –party system-, but also as a whole in themselves. The latter is to understand that subsystems and structures function within them that allow their existence in the political arena of a country. Because political parties are not homogeneous organizations, in order to understand them in their specificity, it is necessary to study the way in which the relationships exist between the actors that make up the organization and the dynamics that give rise to this. In this sense, the present research aims to understand the effects of intra-party struggles in the consolidation of bureaucratic processes typical of these political institutions. The hypothesis proposed in this work is that the impact of competition between factions, both in formal and informal spaces, is determined by the predominant space where this interaction occurs between oligarchies that dispute the administrative power of the organization. To address the aforementioned, the dynamics of internal competition between the existing factions within two parties will be studied and compared: The Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) and Popular Action (AP). The study of both cases will allow us to understand that intra-party conflicts present a variation in the real world, since it has been seen that the trajectory of both parties has gone in different directions, while the PAP has constantly lost its presence in the electoral arena. The AP has managed to survive relatively successfully, despite the fact that in both organizations there have been conflicts between factions. In that order, the study of the trajectories of two parties that in previous decades were classified as part of an institutionalized party system is relevant and complementary to what has been studied.
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Partido Aprista Peruano, Acción Popular (Perú), Comportamiento organizacional
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