Minería urbana: tecnología y metodología para el reciclaje de televisores de tubos de rayos catódicos
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2022-12-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La economía circular es una de las formas en las que el crecimiento económico
sea independiente a sus correspondientes impactos ambientales al cambiar de un
patrón de producción y consumo de extraer, usar y disponer a otro en el cual la mayor
cantidad de materiales pueda retornar a los procesos de producción. Los artefactos
eléctricos y electrónicos (AEE) al final de su vida útil pueden constituirse en una
fuente de materiales valiosos en vez de ser dispuestos en un relleno de seguridad
ocupando espacio innecesariamente.
El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en determinar si los residuos de aparatos
eléctricos y electrónicos (RAEE) pueden ser fuente de materiales valiosos en vez de
ser dispuestos en un relleno de seguridad utilizando como objeto de estudio los
televisores de tubos de rayos catódicos (CRT-TV). Para esto, se analizó la tenencia de
electrodomésticos en los hogares peruanos, se evaluó el impacto de los cambios
tecnológicos en la posesión de televisores en el Perú, examinándose además los flujos
e inventarios de CRT-TV entre los años 1998 a 2017 y se determinó la factibilidad de
recuperar el plomo de las pantallas de los CRT-TV a través de la autorreducción. De
forma complementaria, se estimó el consumo de energía de los electrodomésticos
en los hogares utilizando el análisis insumo-producto extendido ambientalmente
(EEIOA, por sus siglas en inglés).
Los resultados indican, en síntesis, que los inventarios de electrodomésticos
y sus emisiones de GEI asociadas a su fase de uso continuarán aumentando, que
existirán cantidades importantes de televisores obsoletos al final del apagón que
deben ser procesados y que la opción de utilizar pellets autorreductores para
recuperar el plomo es prometedora, aunque aún requieren de pruebas adicionales.
The circular economy is one of the ways in which economic growth is independent of its corresponding environmental impacts by shifting from a production and consumption pattern of extract, use and dispose to one in which as many materials as possible can be returned to the production process. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) can become a source of valuable materials rather than being disposed of in a landfill taking up unnecessary space. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) can be a source of valuable materials instead of being disposed of in a landfill using cathode ray tube televisions (CRT-TV) as the object of study. For this, the ownership of household appliances in Peruvian households was analyzed, the impact of technological changes on the ownership of televisions in Peru was evaluated, and the flows and inventories of CRT-TVs between the years 1998 to 2017 were also examined, and the feasibility of recovering lead from CRT-TV screens through self-reduction was determined. In a complementary manner, the energy consumption of household appliances was estimated using the environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA). The results indicate, in summary, that the inventories of household appliances and their GHG emissions associated with their use phase will continue to increase, that there will be significant quantities of obsolete TV sets at the end of the switchoff that need to be processed, and that the option of using self-reducing pellets to recover lead is promising, although it still requires further testing.
The circular economy is one of the ways in which economic growth is independent of its corresponding environmental impacts by shifting from a production and consumption pattern of extract, use and dispose to one in which as many materials as possible can be returned to the production process. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) can become a source of valuable materials rather than being disposed of in a landfill taking up unnecessary space. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) can be a source of valuable materials instead of being disposed of in a landfill using cathode ray tube televisions (CRT-TV) as the object of study. For this, the ownership of household appliances in Peruvian households was analyzed, the impact of technological changes on the ownership of televisions in Peru was evaluated, and the flows and inventories of CRT-TVs between the years 1998 to 2017 were also examined, and the feasibility of recovering lead from CRT-TV screens through self-reduction was determined. In a complementary manner, the energy consumption of household appliances was estimated using the environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA). The results indicate, in summary, that the inventories of household appliances and their GHG emissions associated with their use phase will continue to increase, that there will be significant quantities of obsolete TV sets at the end of the switchoff that need to be processed, and that the option of using self-reducing pellets to recover lead is promising, although it still requires further testing.
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Keywords
Televisores--Reciclaje, Electrodomésticos--Industria y comercio--Aspectos ambientales, Tubos de rayos catódicos--Reciclaje
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