Estudio de caso de un niño de 5 años 10 meses con dificultades en la forma y contenido del lenguaje
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2022-06-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El lenguaje es la base de la comunicación del ser humano, nos permite expresarnos y comprender a los demás;
sin embargo, en la actualidad, es frecuente encontrar niños con dificultades del lenguaje que afectan algunos
aspectos de su vida. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un plan de valoración e intervención
acorde a las necesidades que presenta un niño de 5 años 10 meses, en los componentes léxico semántico,
morfosintáctico, fonético fonológico, impactando en el componente pragmático, evidenciando un perfil
lingüístico con dificultades en los componentes mencionados. Se emplean estrategias bajo los modelos
centrados en el adulto y en el niño, haciendo uso en un primer momento de estrategias indirectas y
paulatinamente de estrategias interactivas con el fin de relacionar los contenidos programados. Los resultados
alcanzados permiten concluir que el niño logró incrementar el vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo referido a
las categorías programadas; también consiguió incrementar la capacidad de respuesta verbal bajo preguntas
con el encabezador “¿Dónde?”. Logró establecer relaciones de palabras asociadas a una categoría semántica;
seguir indicaciones simples de una acción + dos objetos; identificar oraciones simples del tipo Sujeto + Verbo
+ Objeto (SVO), así como también, identificar y emitir palabras de 3 sílabas respetando su metría. Se concluye
que el plan de intervención aplicado le permitió al niño mostrar avances en los componentes léxico semántico,
morfosintáctico y fonético fonológico.
Language is the base of human communication, it allows us to express ourselves and understand others; however, nowadays, it is common to find children with language difficulties that affect some aspects of their lives. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the needs of a child aged 5 years 10 months, in the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic, phonetic-phonological components, impacting on the pragmatic component, evidencing a linguistic profile with difficulties in the mentioned components. Strategies are used under the models centered on the adult and the child, making use at first of indirect strategies and gradually of interactive strategies in order to relate the programmed contents. The results achieved allow us to conclude that the child managed to increase the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary referred to the programmed categories; it also managed to increase the verbal response capacity under questions with the heading "Where?" He managed to establish word relationships associated with a semantic category; follow simple directions of one action + two objects; identify simple sentences of the type Subject + Verb + Object (SVO), as well as, identify and emit words of 3 syllables respecting their metrics. It is concluded that the intervention plan applied allowed the child to show progress in the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic and phonetic-phonological components.
Language is the base of human communication, it allows us to express ourselves and understand others; however, nowadays, it is common to find children with language difficulties that affect some aspects of their lives. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the needs of a child aged 5 years 10 months, in the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic, phonetic-phonological components, impacting on the pragmatic component, evidencing a linguistic profile with difficulties in the mentioned components. Strategies are used under the models centered on the adult and the child, making use at first of indirect strategies and gradually of interactive strategies in order to relate the programmed contents. The results achieved allow us to conclude that the child managed to increase the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary referred to the programmed categories; it also managed to increase the verbal response capacity under questions with the heading "Where?" He managed to establish word relationships associated with a semantic category; follow simple directions of one action + two objects; identify simple sentences of the type Subject + Verb + Object (SVO), as well as, identify and emit words of 3 syllables respecting their metrics. It is concluded that the intervention plan applied allowed the child to show progress in the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic and phonetic-phonological components.
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Niños--Lenguaje, Trastorno del habla en niños, Educación preescolar