Construcción de tramas cinematográficas a partir de la interacción Estructura Narrativa / Arco de Personaje
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2023-07-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio propone la construcción de tramas cinematográficas a partir de la
interacción del arco de personaje y la estructura narrativa con el propósito de ser un punto de
referencia para guionistas, directores y productores cinematográficos, así como de los jurados
de los concursos de cine promovidos por el Estado. Para ello se analiza la construcción de
dos películas peruanas del género de thriller ganadoras de los fondos del Ministerio de
Cultura peruano: Perro guardián (Caravedo & Higashionna, 2014) y Magallanes (Del Solar,
2015), dos relatos que coinciden temáticamente. Sus protagonistas son dos exmilitares que
luchan por reinsertarse en la sociedad y buscan redimir los delitos de sus pasados
traumáticos.
La metodología empleada tiene un paradigma interpretativo basada en la
hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur. El enfoque es cualitativo y emplea la técnica del análisis diegético narrativo en ambas películas. Para la selección de la muestra, se han utilizado las
principales inflexiones del relato, identificadas con la técnica del análisis semiótico de Claude
Bremond y el análisis estructural de los relatos de Roland Barthes.
Los principales resultados identifican las fallas estructurales del film Perro guardián,
cuya trama prioriza su carácter dimensional y retórico, que se apoya en las convenciones del
género del thriller psicológico, en desmedro del impulso dramático. En el caso de
Magallanes, la trama presenta un balance entre su carácter dimensional y direccional, es
decir, la acción está motivada por los conflictos internos del protagonista, lo que genera una
mayor unidad interna en su trama. A partir de los hallazgos, es importante comprobar si este patrón de construcción de
tramas se replica en otras películas nacionales. Su comprensión puede dar luces de cómo
construir tramas que conecten emocionalmente con las audiencias, algo que necesita con
urgencia la cinematografía local para generar una industria sólida.
The present study proposes the construction of film plots from the interaction of character arc and narrative structure with the purpose of being a point of reference for screenwriters, directors and film producers, as well as juries of film contests promoted by the state. To this end, the construction of two Peruvian films of the thriller genre, winners of funds from the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, are analyzed: Perro guardián (Caravedo & Higashionna, 2014) and Magallanes (Del Solar, 2015), two stories that coincide thematically Its protagonists are two former military men who struggle to reintegrate into society and seek to redeem the crimes of their traumatic pasts. The methodology used has an interpretive paradigm based on the hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur, the approach is qualitative and employ the technique of narrative diegetic analysis in both films. For the selection of the sample, we have used the main inflections of the story, identified with the technique of semiotic analysis of Claude Bremond and the structural analysis of the stories of Roland Barthes. The main results identify the structural flaws of the film Perro guardián whose plot prioritizes its dimensional and rhetorical nature that relies on the conventions of the psychological thriller genre to the detriment of the dramatic impulse. In the case of Magallanes, the plot presents a balance between its dimensional and directional nature, that is, the action is motivated by the internal conflicts of the protagonist, which generates a greater internal unity in its plot. Based on the findings, it is important to see if this pattern of plot construction is replicated in other national films; understanding it can shed light on how to build plots that connect emotionally with audiences, something that local filmmaking urgently needs to generate a solid industry.
The present study proposes the construction of film plots from the interaction of character arc and narrative structure with the purpose of being a point of reference for screenwriters, directors and film producers, as well as juries of film contests promoted by the state. To this end, the construction of two Peruvian films of the thriller genre, winners of funds from the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, are analyzed: Perro guardián (Caravedo & Higashionna, 2014) and Magallanes (Del Solar, 2015), two stories that coincide thematically Its protagonists are two former military men who struggle to reintegrate into society and seek to redeem the crimes of their traumatic pasts. The methodology used has an interpretive paradigm based on the hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur, the approach is qualitative and employ the technique of narrative diegetic analysis in both films. For the selection of the sample, we have used the main inflections of the story, identified with the technique of semiotic analysis of Claude Bremond and the structural analysis of the stories of Roland Barthes. The main results identify the structural flaws of the film Perro guardián whose plot prioritizes its dimensional and rhetorical nature that relies on the conventions of the psychological thriller genre to the detriment of the dramatic impulse. In the case of Magallanes, the plot presents a balance between its dimensional and directional nature, that is, the action is motivated by the internal conflicts of the protagonist, which generates a greater internal unity in its plot. Based on the findings, it is important to see if this pattern of plot construction is replicated in other national films; understanding it can shed light on how to build plots that connect emotionally with audiences, something that local filmmaking urgently needs to generate a solid industry.
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Cine peruano--Narración (Retórica), Ricœur, Paul--Crítica e interpretación, Hermeneútica, Guión cinematográfico
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