La aproximación terapéutica de Wittgenstein al problema del escepticismo filosófico
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2022-01-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La tesis estudia en qué consiste el tratamiento terapéutico del escepticismo filosófico en la obra
tardía de Wittgenstein. Presenta la terapia (θεραπεία) como un ejercicio reflexivo sobre la vida y
mantiene que Sócrates, Sexto Empírico y Wittgenstein conciben a la filosofía como una práctica
vital transformadora. Así, la dimensión terapéutica resulta indesligable de un cometido ético. La
tesis argumenta que la terapia psicoanalítica de Freud sirve a Wittgenstein para modelar su propia
concepción terapéutica de la filosofía y sugiere que en ambos casos se trata de una terapia verbal
«curativa» que vincula lenguaje y acción.
Mediante el desmantelamiento del argumento cartesiano del sueño, la tesis muestra que la
respuesta combativa de Wittgenstein al escepticismo radical o filosófico —anclada en las prácticas
corrientes— comparte rasgos importantes con las posturas de los filósofos pragmatistas Peirce y
James. Mientras con Peirce la coincidencia se presenta en los argumentos mismos contra el
escepticismo filosófico, con James la afinidad es metodológica.
La tesis defiende una lectura terapéutica moderada, combativa y no quietista de la obra del
segundo Wittgenstein. En esta lectura la clarificación filosófica propicia una clarificación
existencial. Concluye que clarificar el problema moderno del escepticismo filosófico supone para
Wittgenstein mostrar cómo afecta la comprensión que el filósofo tradicional tiene del mundo y de
sí mismo.
The dissertation studies the therapeutic treatment of philosophical skepticism in the late Wittgenstein. It claims that therapy (θεραπεία) is a reflexive exercise about life. In the tradition of Socrates and Sextus Empiricus, Wittgenstein understands philosophy as a vital transformative practice. The therapeutic aspect of philosophy is tied to an ethical project. The dissertation also proposes that Freud´s psychoanalytical therapy is the departure point for Wittgenstein´s own therapeutic concept of philosophy. It suggests that both authors conceive a verbal therapy with «curative» goals that links language and action. The dissertation dismantles the Cartesian argument of the dream in order to show that Wittgenstein´s combative answer to radical philosophical skepticism —anchored in the current practices— shares certain features with the ideas of the pragmatist philosophers Peirce and James. The affinity with Peirce´s ideas lays in the arguments against philosophical skepticism, while the affinity with Jame´s ideas is methodological. The dissertation proposes a moderate therapeutic reading, belligerent rather than quietist, of the work of the late Wittgenstein. In this interpretation, philosophical inquiry propitiates an existential insight. In concludes that for Wittgenstein, the clarification of the modern problem of philosophical skepticism implies showing the way it affects the understanding that the traditional philosopher has of himself and the world.
The dissertation studies the therapeutic treatment of philosophical skepticism in the late Wittgenstein. It claims that therapy (θεραπεία) is a reflexive exercise about life. In the tradition of Socrates and Sextus Empiricus, Wittgenstein understands philosophy as a vital transformative practice. The therapeutic aspect of philosophy is tied to an ethical project. The dissertation also proposes that Freud´s psychoanalytical therapy is the departure point for Wittgenstein´s own therapeutic concept of philosophy. It suggests that both authors conceive a verbal therapy with «curative» goals that links language and action. The dissertation dismantles the Cartesian argument of the dream in order to show that Wittgenstein´s combative answer to radical philosophical skepticism —anchored in the current practices— shares certain features with the ideas of the pragmatist philosophers Peirce and James. The affinity with Peirce´s ideas lays in the arguments against philosophical skepticism, while the affinity with Jame´s ideas is methodological. The dissertation proposes a moderate therapeutic reading, belligerent rather than quietist, of the work of the late Wittgenstein. In this interpretation, philosophical inquiry propitiates an existential insight. In concludes that for Wittgenstein, the clarification of the modern problem of philosophical skepticism implies showing the way it affects the understanding that the traditional philosopher has of himself and the world.
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Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951--Crítica e interpretación, Escepticismo, Psicoanálisis y filosofía
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