Plan estratégico de marketing: ecoturismo y áreas naturales protegidas en el Perú
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2019-08-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
El turismo ha crecido sostenidamente en los últimos años, tanto en el ámbito global
como en el nacional. Ello ha contribuido a su diversificación en distintos tipos de turismo,
incluyendo, entre otros, el “Turismo de Naturaleza”, en ocasiones denominado ecoturismo.
Pese a poseer una diversidad natural privilegiada, el ecoturismo en el Perú no ha
alcanzado un nivel óptimo de desarrollo y existen claras carencias con respecto al
entendimiento de: (a) lo que es y debería ser la actividad, (b) sus modalidades de
implementación, y (c) la oferta y demanda existentes. Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas son
espacios idóneos para su práctica, pero aún no han sido aprovechadas estratégicamente para
tal fin.
Al respecto, la presente tesis propone un Plan Estratégico de Marketing con el fin de
incrementar la competitividad del sector ecoturismo en el Perú a partir de la creación y
posicionamiento de una marca nacional de ecoturismo asociada a la Marca País, y del
desarrollo del primer producto ecoturístico que sostendrá dicha propuesta de valor y que, a su
vez, será el foco de una propuesta orientada a la generación de retorno social sobre la
inversión, es decir de beneficios tangibles a la sociedad, más allá de una motivación
estrictamente comercial.
Este producto ecoturístico se centrará en las Áreas Naturales Protegidas, dadas sus
ventajas competitivas (i.e., diversidad natural, estado de conservación, institucionalidad
existente, y reconocimiento) frente a otros destinos nacionales e internacionales. Para tal fin,
se trabajará conjuntamente con actores clave como la Comisión de Promoción del Perú para
la Exportación y el Turismo (PROMPERÚ) y otros, como el Servicio Nacional de Áreas
Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP), organismo para el que se plantean, además,
lineamientos y recomendaciones con el fin de potenciar el éxito de la presente propuesta.
Tourism has grown steadily in recent years, both globally and locally. This has contributed to its diversification into different types of tourism, including Nature-based tourism, also known as ecotourism, among others. In spite of Peru´s outstanding biodiversity, ecotourism has not yet achieved its optimal development nationally which demonstrates a lack of understanding regarding: (a) what the activity is and could be, (b) its implementation alternatives, and (c) existing offer and demand. On the other hand, Natural Protected Areas are ideal places for such practices, but have yet to be strategically approached in that regard. This thesis outlines a Strategic Marketing Plan aimed at increasing the competitiveness of ecotourism in Peru, based on creating and positioning a national ecotourism brand associated with the national Country Brand, and developing the first product which will support such value proposition. The latter will, as well, be the core of a Social Return on Investment scheme, expected to provide tangible benefits to society beyond a solely commercial objective. The aforementioned ecotourism product will focus on Natural Protected Areas, given their competitive advantages (i.e. natural diversity, state of conservation, existing governance and awards or acknowledgements) as compared to other national and international destinations. In order to achieve this, key stakeholders will work together, including the Commission for the Promotion of Peruvian Exports and Tourism (PROMPERÚ) and the National Service for Natural Protected Areas (SERNANP), for which a set of guidelines and recommendations will be outlined as to ensure the success of this proposal.
Tourism has grown steadily in recent years, both globally and locally. This has contributed to its diversification into different types of tourism, including Nature-based tourism, also known as ecotourism, among others. In spite of Peru´s outstanding biodiversity, ecotourism has not yet achieved its optimal development nationally which demonstrates a lack of understanding regarding: (a) what the activity is and could be, (b) its implementation alternatives, and (c) existing offer and demand. On the other hand, Natural Protected Areas are ideal places for such practices, but have yet to be strategically approached in that regard. This thesis outlines a Strategic Marketing Plan aimed at increasing the competitiveness of ecotourism in Peru, based on creating and positioning a national ecotourism brand associated with the national Country Brand, and developing the first product which will support such value proposition. The latter will, as well, be the core of a Social Return on Investment scheme, expected to provide tangible benefits to society beyond a solely commercial objective. The aforementioned ecotourism product will focus on Natural Protected Areas, given their competitive advantages (i.e. natural diversity, state of conservation, existing governance and awards or acknowledgements) as compared to other national and international destinations. In order to achieve this, key stakeholders will work together, including the Commission for the Promotion of Peruvian Exports and Tourism (PROMPERÚ) and the National Service for Natural Protected Areas (SERNANP), for which a set of guidelines and recommendations will be outlined as to ensure the success of this proposal.
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Turismo--Mercadeo, Ecoturismo--Perú, Planificación estratégica
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