Descomposición política y dictadura parlamentaria peruana
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2024-04-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En la actualidad, en el Perú se está produciendo una descomposición
constitucional -tal como lo entiende la teoría constitucionalista de Jack Balkin- ya
que existe una fuerte pérdida de confianza en la clase gobernante, polarización
política extrema e incremento de la desigualdad. Sin embargo, el caso peruano
tiene un rasgo característico y es el hecho de que esta descomposición está
siendo ejecutada, principalmente, por el Poder Legislativo que ha vulnerado el
principio de separación de poderes en detrimento del Poder Ejecutivo, Poder
Judicial y varios Organismos Constitucionalmente Autónomos. Por lo mismo,
este ensayo se propone visibilizar que nos encontramos frente a una dictadura
parlamentaria donde estos actores políticos -a través de un juego rudo
constitucional- instrumentalizan la normativa y anteponen los intereses privados
de grupos de poder por encima del bien común. Para fundamentar esta postura,
el ensayo hará uso de teoría constitucional, de ciencias sociales y notas
periodísticas. Por último, de las principales conclusiones extraídas se destaca
que la solución a este entrampamiento no se encuentra en la clase política o en
una reingeniería constitucional, sino en la promoción de participación y
movilización ciudadana por parte del poder constituyente.
Currently, a constitutional rot is occurring in Peru, in the terms of the constitutionalist Jack Balkin, since there is a strong loss of confidence in the government, extreme political polarization and an increase in economic inequality. However, the Peruvian case has a characteristic feature and it is the fact that this decomposition is being carried out, mainly, by the Legislative Branch, which has violated the principle of separation of powers to the detriment of the Executive Branch, the Judicial Branch and various Constitutionally Autonomous Institutions. For this reason, this essay aims to make visible that we are facing a parliamentary dictatorship where these political actors - through constitucional hardball- instrumentalize the norms and put the private interests of powerful groups above the common good. To support this position, the essay will make use of constitutional theory, social sciences and journalistic notes. Finally, from the main conclusions drawn, it is highlighted that the solution to this entrapment is not found in the political class or in constitutional reengineering, but in the promotion of citizen participation and mobilization by the constituent power.
Currently, a constitutional rot is occurring in Peru, in the terms of the constitutionalist Jack Balkin, since there is a strong loss of confidence in the government, extreme political polarization and an increase in economic inequality. However, the Peruvian case has a characteristic feature and it is the fact that this decomposition is being carried out, mainly, by the Legislative Branch, which has violated the principle of separation of powers to the detriment of the Executive Branch, the Judicial Branch and various Constitutionally Autonomous Institutions. For this reason, this essay aims to make visible that we are facing a parliamentary dictatorship where these political actors - through constitucional hardball- instrumentalize the norms and put the private interests of powerful groups above the common good. To support this position, the essay will make use of constitutional theory, social sciences and journalistic notes. Finally, from the main conclusions drawn, it is highlighted that the solution to this entrapment is not found in the political class or in constitutional reengineering, but in the promotion of citizen participation and mobilization by the constituent power.
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Palabras clave
Perú. Congreso, Dictadura--Perú, Separación de poderes--Perú
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