Informe Jurídico sobre la sentencia de vista recaída en el Expediente No. 5288-2020-0-1801-JR-LA-14
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2022-08-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito analizar el ejercicio del derecho de
resistencia de un trabajador a propósito de sus inasistencias al centro laboral por miedo al
contagio del Covid-19 durante los primeros meses de la pandemia en el país. En atención a
ello, se determinó que el hecho de que la empresa no prevea los riesgos psicosociales
relacionados con la pandemia habilita a que el trabajador ejerza su derecho de resistencia en
un contexto en el cual no existían vacunas ni la obligación del empleador de practicar la prueba
de descarte a todos sus trabajadores. Todo esto a la luz de la sentencia de vista recaída en el
expediente No. 5288-2020-0-1801-JR-LA-14.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la investigación concluye que la sanción impuesta por el
empleador, esto es el despido, no respetó los principios de proporcionalidad y razonabilidad.
Asimismo, determina que no se configuró la falta grave contenida en el artículo 25 literal h) de
la Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral (en adelante, “LPCL”), pues el trabajador
justificó sus inasistencias mediante la carta en la cual comunicó la decisión de ejercer su
derecho a la resistencia. Finalmente, concluye que de la conducta del empleador y de los hechos
del caso se desprende la existencia de un despido fraudulento.
Para dichos fines, se tomarán en consideración los pronunciamientos del Tribunal
Constitucional, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República, así como la Ley de Productividad
y Competitividad Laboral y doctrina comparada.
The purpose of this research work is to analyze the exercise of the right of resistance of a worker regarding his absences at the workplace for fear of contagion by Covid-19 during the first months of the pandemic in the country. In view of this, it was determined that the fact that the company does not foresee the psychosocial risks related to the pandemic enables the worker to exercise his right of resistance in a context in which there were no vaccines or the obligation of the employer to practice the dismissal test to all its workers. All this considering the ruling in case No. 5288-2020-0-1801-JR-LA-14. Considering the above, the investigation concludes that the sanction imposed by the employer, i.e., dismissal, did not respect the principles of proportionality and reasonableness. Likewise, it determines that the serious misconduct contained in article 25 paragraph h) of the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law (hereinafter, "LPCL") did not occur, since the employee justified his absences by means of the letter in which he communicated his decision to exercise his right to resist. Finally, it concludes that the employer's conduct and the facts of the case indicate the existence of a fraudulent dismissal. For such purposes, the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic, as well as the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law and comparative doctrine will be taken into consideration.
The purpose of this research work is to analyze the exercise of the right of resistance of a worker regarding his absences at the workplace for fear of contagion by Covid-19 during the first months of the pandemic in the country. In view of this, it was determined that the fact that the company does not foresee the psychosocial risks related to the pandemic enables the worker to exercise his right of resistance in a context in which there were no vaccines or the obligation of the employer to practice the dismissal test to all its workers. All this considering the ruling in case No. 5288-2020-0-1801-JR-LA-14. Considering the above, the investigation concludes that the sanction imposed by the employer, i.e., dismissal, did not respect the principles of proportionality and reasonableness. Likewise, it determines that the serious misconduct contained in article 25 paragraph h) of the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law (hereinafter, "LPCL") did not occur, since the employee justified his absences by means of the letter in which he communicated his decision to exercise his right to resist. Finally, it concludes that the employer's conduct and the facts of the case indicate the existence of a fraudulent dismissal. For such purposes, the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic, as well as the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law and comparative doctrine will be taken into consideration.
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Seguridad industrial, Seguridad social, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)--Aspectos laborales, Despido de empleados--Perú, Salud mental--Empleados
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