Análisis de los factores claves que mejoran o limitan la implementación del Programa Nacional Qali Warma, y que inciden en el rendimiento escolar en el distrito de Shanao, provincia de Lamas, región San Martín. 2016
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2021-07-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El Programa Nacional Qali Warma (PNQW) busca garantizar un servicio
alimentario de calidad a los niños y niñas especialmente del nivel inicial y primaria
de las instituciones educativas públicas en todo el territorio nacional,
considerando que casi la tercera parte de ellos están desnutridos y que usualmente
no ingieren alimentos de calidad antes de asistir a sus clases. La presente
investigación busca saber de qué forma se está implementando el referido
Programa en el distrito de Shanao, provincia de Lamas, en la región San Martin,
considerada una de las más pobres y alejadas del país; y en este caso, analizar
cuáles son sus aciertos y cuales sus dificultades en los momentos de distribución,
almacenamiento, preparación y consumo.
Esta investigación es un Estudio de Caso, pues se concentra en una localidad
concreta a la cual, le corresponden los hallazgos encontrados. Los datos se
obtuvieron de manera directa d e los actores involucrados (padres de familia,
docentes, comités estudiantes) en forma inductiva, con lectura y relectura de las
trascripciones y notas de campo. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa para
interpretar los fenómenos ocurridos desde el punto de vista, opiniones, y creencias
de los propios involucrados. Se utilizó esta metodología en razón de que los
estudios estadísticos no dan cuenta de los factores que limitan mucho los mayores
logros de este programa, los que expresan las percepciones de los propios
usuarios. Se utilizó los criterios de credibilidad y confirmación para hacer
confiables los resultados del estudio.
Los principales factores que impiden la eficacia del Programa Qali Warma en el
distrito de Shanao son los insuficientes mecanismos de articulación intersectorial
entre los programas sociales que intervienen en este lugar, sumado a procesos
estancados de cogestión entre el Estado y la comunidad. Otros aspectos limitantes
son los bajos niveles de comunicación y coordinación entre el Comité de
Alimentación y el Comité de Compras, el bajo nivel de conocimiento y participación
de las organizaciones sociales, y del gobierno local. Los aspectos favorables tienen
que ver con el compromiso de las familias para la preparación de los alimentos que
van a consumir sus hijos, y con el cumplimiento del Comité de Alimentación
respecto al control de la inocuidad de los productos, la recepción, y almacenamiento
de estos.
State social politics, through “Programa Nacional Qali Warma”, are aiming to guarantee a quality food service to children from kindergarten and elementary Peruvian public schools. This, considering almost a third part of them are malnourished, since they are not fed with quality food before going to school. The current research aims to understand the way in which Qali Warma program is been implemented in Shanao district, Lamas province, in San Martin Amazonian region, which is considered one of the most pauper and peripheral places within the country. From this specific case, we analyze which are its main successes and its difficulties throughout the stages of distribution, storage, preparation, and consumption. The research method was a case study; through which we were capable of analyzing the Shanao specific case. The thesis data was obtained from direct work with stakeholders involved, such as parents, health personnel, and teachers. The research form was inductive, including reading and rereading of transcriptions and field notes. The strategy followed in this research is the qualitative one, which helped us to reach some interpretations of phenomena; mainly based on opinions, beliefs, and multiple voices. A qualitative method is especially required in the awareness of statistical approaches that have not accounted for some factors which limit the program’s further achievements; especially the factors related to final users’ viewpoint. Credibility and confirmation criteria were used to guarantee this thesis's reliability. One of the most important insights from this research are the identification of the key factors inhibiting Qali Warma’s effectiveness in Shanao case. Firstly, insufficient co-management mechanisms between State agencies and community, as well as an insufficient intersectional entanglement among social policies implemented in the locality. Additionally, limited communicational degree and limited coordination between Feeding Committee and Shopping Committee is identified, as well as a low knowledge and participation degree from grassroots social organizations and local government along with the Qali Warma’s processes. Although, positive aspects were also identified, such as families’ bigger commitment to their own children’s food preparation, and with Feeding Committee’s control on products safety, reception, and storage
State social politics, through “Programa Nacional Qali Warma”, are aiming to guarantee a quality food service to children from kindergarten and elementary Peruvian public schools. This, considering almost a third part of them are malnourished, since they are not fed with quality food before going to school. The current research aims to understand the way in which Qali Warma program is been implemented in Shanao district, Lamas province, in San Martin Amazonian region, which is considered one of the most pauper and peripheral places within the country. From this specific case, we analyze which are its main successes and its difficulties throughout the stages of distribution, storage, preparation, and consumption. The research method was a case study; through which we were capable of analyzing the Shanao specific case. The thesis data was obtained from direct work with stakeholders involved, such as parents, health personnel, and teachers. The research form was inductive, including reading and rereading of transcriptions and field notes. The strategy followed in this research is the qualitative one, which helped us to reach some interpretations of phenomena; mainly based on opinions, beliefs, and multiple voices. A qualitative method is especially required in the awareness of statistical approaches that have not accounted for some factors which limit the program’s further achievements; especially the factors related to final users’ viewpoint. Credibility and confirmation criteria were used to guarantee this thesis's reliability. One of the most important insights from this research are the identification of the key factors inhibiting Qali Warma’s effectiveness in Shanao case. Firstly, insufficient co-management mechanisms between State agencies and community, as well as an insufficient intersectional entanglement among social policies implemented in the locality. Additionally, limited communicational degree and limited coordination between Feeding Committee and Shopping Committee is identified, as well as a low knowledge and participation degree from grassroots social organizations and local government along with the Qali Warma’s processes. Although, positive aspects were also identified, such as families’ bigger commitment to their own children’s food preparation, and with Feeding Committee’s control on products safety, reception, and storage
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Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar Qali Warma (Perú), Programas sociales--Perú--San Martín, Nutrición--Perú
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