Impacto de la minería sobre la salud de los pobladores de la sierra peruana
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Date
2021-11-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El desarrollo de un contexto internacional favorable generó el reciente Boom
minero en el Perú. Sin embargo, la extracción de minerales se ha convertido en
una de las actividades más controversiales en la actualidad por las repercusiones
heterogéneas que ejerce sobre la sociedad, la economía y el medioambiente.
Por un lado, el sector minero es uno de los agentes principales en el
desenvolvimiento de la economía. Del mismo modo, el apoyo voluntario
(infraestructura y programas sociales) que realizan algunas mineras contribuye
positivamente con la población. Por otro lado, la actividad minera genera
contaminación ambiental. La cual repercute negativamente sobre otras
actividades económicas y sobre la salud de los pobladores próximos a la
actividad minera al asumir los costos externos (teoría de las externalidades).
Debido a las características geológicas del Perú, la investigación se centra en la
región sierra y considerada a las grandes y pequeñas mineras. Además, la
revisión de literatura revela que el impacto económico de la minería discrimina a
los pobladores rurales de los urbanos. Por lo que la hipótesis de esta
investigación es que existe un impacto negativo de la minería sobre la salud de
los pobladores de las zonas rurales mientras que el impacto sería positivo en
pobladores de zonas urbanas. En cuanto al método, se plantea el modelo de
Diferencias en Diferencias Generalizado pues nos permite comparar la diferencia
promedio de la evolución de las variables de resultado de cada grupo de
tratamiento y control para el periodo del Boom minero. La conclusión a la que se
llega es que se debe continuar con la investigación para corroborar la hipótesis
ya sea por el método planteado o, en su defecto, mediante otra metodología
econométrica.
The development of a favorable international context generated the recent mining boom in Peru. However, mineral extraction has become one of the most controversial activities today due to the heterogeneous repercussions it has on society, the economy and the environment. On the one hand, the mining sector is one of the main agents in the development of the economy. Similarly, the voluntary support (infrastructure and social programs) carried out by some mining companies contributes positively to the population. On the other hand, mining activity generates environmental pollution. Which has a negative impact on other economic activities and on the health of people close to mining activities by assuming external costs (theory of externalities). Due to the geological characteristics of Peru, the research is focused on the Sierra region and considered large and small mining companies. Furthermore, the literature review reveals that the economic impact of mining discriminates between rural and urban residents. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research is that there is a negative impact of mining on the health of the residents of rural areas, while the impact would be positive on residents of urban areas. Regarding the method, the Generalized Differences in Differences model is proposed since it allows us to compare the average difference in the evolution of the outcome variables of each treatment and control group for the mining boom period. The conclusion reached is that the investigation must be continued to corroborate the hypothesis, either by the method proposed or, failing that, by another econometric methodology.
The development of a favorable international context generated the recent mining boom in Peru. However, mineral extraction has become one of the most controversial activities today due to the heterogeneous repercussions it has on society, the economy and the environment. On the one hand, the mining sector is one of the main agents in the development of the economy. Similarly, the voluntary support (infrastructure and social programs) carried out by some mining companies contributes positively to the population. On the other hand, mining activity generates environmental pollution. Which has a negative impact on other economic activities and on the health of people close to mining activities by assuming external costs (theory of externalities). Due to the geological characteristics of Peru, the research is focused on the Sierra region and considered large and small mining companies. Furthermore, the literature review reveals that the economic impact of mining discriminates between rural and urban residents. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research is that there is a negative impact of mining on the health of the residents of rural areas, while the impact would be positive on residents of urban areas. Regarding the method, the Generalized Differences in Differences model is proposed since it allows us to compare the average difference in the evolution of the outcome variables of each treatment and control group for the mining boom period. The conclusion reached is that the investigation must be continued to corroborate the hypothesis, either by the method proposed or, failing that, by another econometric methodology.
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Industria minera--Aspectos ambientales--Perú, Industria minera--Aspectos sociales--Perú., Industria minera--Aspectos económicos--Perú., Salud pública--Aspectos sociales--Perú
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