De víctimas a ¿criminales?: Un análisis desde el derecho penal y los derechos humanos sobre la no punibilidad de las víctimas en el circuito de la trata de personas
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Date
2023-10-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal plantear cuatro casos-tipo en los que,
usualmente, las víctimas delinquen en el circuito de la trata de personas. Y, demostrar
que, en la mayoría de estas situaciones, las víctimas deben ser exoneradas de
responsabilidad penal. Para ello, propondremos la aplicación de eximentes de
responsabilidad penal, tomando en consideración los enfoques transversales (género,
derechos humanos, interseccional, y victimocéntrico), los instrumentos internacionales
de derechos humanos, y los marcos jurídicos comparados de derecho penal. Aunado a
lo anterior, hay algunos casos en los que – para evitar problematizar la situación y la
revictimización de las agraviadas – debe aplicarse una excusa absolutoria, cláusula que
también hemos diseñado para la presente investigación. Finalmente, habrán casos de
no aplicación como i) los de no sujeción de la víctima, y desligamiento en tiempo y
espacio del contexto de trata, así como ii) las acciones ilícitas calificadas como crímenes
de lesa humanidad y de guerra bajo el Estatuto de Roma.
The present thesis aims to propose four typical scenarios in which, typically, victims engage in human trafficking activities. It seeks to demonstrate that, in many of these situations, victims should be exempted from criminal responsibility. To achieve this, we will suggest the application of legal exemptions from criminal responsibility, considering cross-cutting perspectives (gender, human rights, intersectionality, and victim-centered approaches), international human rights instruments, and comparative legal frameworks in criminal law. In addition to the above, there are some cases in which - to avoid complicating the situation and re-victimizing the aggrieved parties - an absolute excuse should be applied, a clause that we have also designed for this research. Finally, there will be cases of non-application such as i) those involving the non-subordination of the victim to the trafficker and detachment in time and space from the trafficking context, as well as ii) illicit actions qualified as crimes against humanity and war crimes under the Rome Statute.
The present thesis aims to propose four typical scenarios in which, typically, victims engage in human trafficking activities. It seeks to demonstrate that, in many of these situations, victims should be exempted from criminal responsibility. To achieve this, we will suggest the application of legal exemptions from criminal responsibility, considering cross-cutting perspectives (gender, human rights, intersectionality, and victim-centered approaches), international human rights instruments, and comparative legal frameworks in criminal law. In addition to the above, there are some cases in which - to avoid complicating the situation and re-victimizing the aggrieved parties - an absolute excuse should be applied, a clause that we have also designed for this research. Finally, there will be cases of non-application such as i) those involving the non-subordination of the victim to the trafficker and detachment in time and space from the trafficking context, as well as ii) illicit actions qualified as crimes against humanity and war crimes under the Rome Statute.
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Trata de personas--Perú, Derechos humanos--Perú, Derecho penal--Perú, Mujeres--Derechos--Perú, Género
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