Una agricultura insostenible y la crisis del barbecho: El caso de los agricultores del valle de los ríos Apurímac y Ene- VRAE
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Date
2017-08-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
Abstract
En este artículo argumentamos que este tipo de agricultura para el caso del Valle del río Apurímac y Ene (VRAE), localizado en la región sur de selva alta peruana, seguía en funcionamiento durante los años del 2001 y 2004. En ese período han ocurrido cambios en esta modalidad de uso del suelo, pero éstos han sido realmente menores. Para ilustrar estos cambios, aprovechamos un estudio realizado hace 14 años utilizándolo como testimonio histórico. En este trabajo describimos las estrategias productivas de los colonos y su impacto en la deforestación. Nuestro argumento central es que la combinación de estrategias productivas de sobrevivencia de los colonos, algunas basadas en un uso intensivo del suelo, acompañado de cambio tecnológico y otras que recurren a formas de uso muy extensivo del suelo, tienen como objetivo central reducir el riesgo en un contexto donde el cultivo de la coca está rodeado de incertidumbres muy grandes. Tanto en un caso como en otro, las externalidades e impactos ambientales sobre los bosques son significativas.
This article is dedicated to the coca farmers of the VRAE. It shows that the abundance of «purmas» or secondary forest is due to the overuse of soils where coca is cultivated, the excessive use of modern or agrochemical inputs in these plantations and the traditional or empirical management of the cultivation of cacao and other annual crops. The high correlation between plot size and area in «purmas» is a true reflection of the fallow crisis in the VRAE. This crisis, however, is a result of the unsustainability of the aforementioned agricultural systems. The most important factors of this crisis are, on the one hand, an agricultural intensification of the cultivation of coca that degrades the soil and, on the other hand, an extensive use of the soil without a technological change in the case of legal crops. In both cases, the overall effect is the destruction of forests, deforestation and soil impoverishment.
This article is dedicated to the coca farmers of the VRAE. It shows that the abundance of «purmas» or secondary forest is due to the overuse of soils where coca is cultivated, the excessive use of modern or agrochemical inputs in these plantations and the traditional or empirical management of the cultivation of cacao and other annual crops. The high correlation between plot size and area in «purmas» is a true reflection of the fallow crisis in the VRAE. This crisis, however, is a result of the unsustainability of the aforementioned agricultural systems. The most important factors of this crisis are, on the one hand, an agricultural intensification of the cultivation of coca that degrades the soil and, on the other hand, an extensive use of the soil without a technological change in the case of legal crops. In both cases, the overall effect is the destruction of forests, deforestation and soil impoverishment.
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Deforestación, Agricultura itinerante, Cambio tecnológico, Amazonía
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