La Asociación de Policías en Discapacidad por Combate por la Pacificación Nacional (APOLDICPAN) como fuente de soporte social
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2012-12-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación explora el soporte que brinda la Asociación de Policías Discapacitados en Combate por la Pacificación Nacional (APOLDICPAN) a sus miembros excombatientes del Conflicto Armado Interno (CAI).
Se considera a esta población vulnerable en tanto son discapacitados, han sido revictimizados por su institución, y son reconocidos como víctimas por el Plan Integral de Reparaciones (PIR). El Estado peruano ha excluido a esta población al no reconocerles tanto los beneficios económicos como sociales que por ley les corresponden. Dicha coyuntura los deja en un vacío de fuentes de soporte institucionalizado.
Este estudio es cualitativo, de nivel exploratorio y diseño fenomenológico. Se ha utilizado como principal herramienta las entrevistas a profundidad en base a una guía de entrevista. Como parte de los resultados, se ha encontrado que la asociación APOLDICPAN es un referente de soporte para sus miembros en tanto les provee de una identidad heroica diferenciada de otras fuerzas del orden por su participación histórica en la época del terrorismo. Los participantes mencionan diversos tipos de soporte, siendo el más valorado el soporte informativo que está relacionado a los procesos que deben realizar para conseguir sus derechos. Sin embargo el tipo de soporte más demandado es el instrumental.
El estudio confirma la vigencia de la revictimización a la que este colectivo está sometido, un estado de salud mental no atendido y un no reconocimiento de beneficios que por ley les corresponden. Ellos se autoperciben en pie de lucha ante el Estado que los violenta y ante la sociedad que no los reconoce como defensores, no reconociendo las secuelas que también sufrieron por su participación en el CAI. En suma, son una organización con recursos potenciales que podrían insertarse en un proceso de fortalecimiento institucional.
Palabras claves: soporte social, conflicto armado interno y policía nacional
The present research explores the social support that the Asociación de Policías Discapacitados en Combate por la Pacificación Nacional (National Pacification Combat Handicapped Association of Police Force, APOLDICPAN) gives to its members who were participants of the Armed Internal Conflict (CAI). This population is considered vulnerable because they are handicapped, have been re-victimized by their institution and are recognized as victims by the Plan Integral de Reparaciones (PIR). The Peruvian State has excluded this population by not recognizing the economic and social benefits that are theirs by law. Facts that lead to the lack of institutional support. This is a qualitative study, at an exploratory level and of phenomenological design. The main data collection method was in-depth interviews that used an interview guide as tool. It was found that APOLDICPAN is a referent of support for its members as it provides them of a heroic identity differentiated to other military forces for its historic participation in the fight against terrorism. Furthermore, participants mentioned different types of support being the most valorized the informational one, which is related to the processes that must be followed to get their rights recognized. However, the most demanded type of support was the instrumental one. This study confirms the presence of re-victimization to which the participants are exposed, a state of mental health not attended and a lack of recognition of the benefits that by right corresponds them. The members of the association perceive themselves as in the fight against the State that violates them and against the society that do not acknowledge them as defenders and do not recognize the consequences of their participation in the CAI. In sum, APOLDICPAN is an organization with potential resources that could start a process of institutional empowering.
The present research explores the social support that the Asociación de Policías Discapacitados en Combate por la Pacificación Nacional (National Pacification Combat Handicapped Association of Police Force, APOLDICPAN) gives to its members who were participants of the Armed Internal Conflict (CAI). This population is considered vulnerable because they are handicapped, have been re-victimized by their institution and are recognized as victims by the Plan Integral de Reparaciones (PIR). The Peruvian State has excluded this population by not recognizing the economic and social benefits that are theirs by law. Facts that lead to the lack of institutional support. This is a qualitative study, at an exploratory level and of phenomenological design. The main data collection method was in-depth interviews that used an interview guide as tool. It was found that APOLDICPAN is a referent of support for its members as it provides them of a heroic identity differentiated to other military forces for its historic participation in the fight against terrorism. Furthermore, participants mentioned different types of support being the most valorized the informational one, which is related to the processes that must be followed to get their rights recognized. However, the most demanded type of support was the instrumental one. This study confirms the presence of re-victimization to which the participants are exposed, a state of mental health not attended and a lack of recognition of the benefits that by right corresponds them. The members of the association perceive themselves as in the fight against the State that violates them and against the society that do not acknowledge them as defenders and do not recognize the consequences of their participation in the CAI. In sum, APOLDICPAN is an organization with potential resources that could start a process of institutional empowering.
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Salud mental, Soporte social, Psicología comunitaria, Conflicto armado--Perú
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