Factores que incentivan y desincentivan la adopción del servicio de alquiler de scooters eléctricos en Lima dentro de la coyuntura del COVID-19
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Date
2024-10-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Uno de los grandes problemas recurrentes en Lima ha sido la gestión del transporte
público y los servicios ofrecidos en general, los cuales se agravaron por las restricciones
dictadas por el Gobierno en el año 2020 como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19 y
a fin de evitar el aumento de contagios.
En el 2019, dos empresas lideraron el ingreso de un nuevo servicio de transporte
individual en la ciudad, ofreciendo una propuesta de valor que englobaba modernidad,
protección al medioambiente y practicidad. Sin embargo, diversos factores internos y
externos a las empresas, llevaron a que el modelo original de negocio no siga vigente, que
algunas empresas hayan desaparecido o que aquellas que funcionan hasta la fecha estén
liquidando sus equipos. ¿Qué sucedió entonces? ¿Qué aprendizajes existen del lanzamiento
de este nuevo servicio de transporte individual en Lima? ¿Cómo la coyuntura impactó en la
adopción y éxito o fracaso de este nuevo servicio?
Esta investigación busca identificar los factores que incentivan y desincentivan la
adopción del servicio de alquiler de scooters eléctricos en Lima, un proyecto nuevo e
innovador, que a diferencia de los otros medios de transporte individual como las bicicletas
tradicionales, bicicletas eléctricas o motocicletas, se presentó en el mercado como una opción
de transporte eléctrico en modalidad de alquiler, marcando un hito de una nueva categoría de
servicios en Lima Metropolitana y que a pesar que auguraba mucho éxito, no consiguió lo
esperado debido a circunstancias internas de las empresas proveedoras y a factores externos
del mercado.
Asimismo, la coyuntura permitió analizar los puntos fuertes y débiles del servicio de
alquiler de scooters eléctricos y los factores que se deberían tomar en cuenta si se buscara
lanzar nuevamente el servicio o modificar el actual modelo de negocio para que sea exitoso
en la ciudad de Lima.
La investigación incluye entrevistas a usuarios y no usuarios, proveedores del servicio
de alquiler de scooters eléctricos, funcionarios de instituciones públicas relacionados al
ecosistema de transporte urbano y expertos en marketing de servicios. Además, incluye como
parte de la investigación cuantitativa, encuestas realizadas a los usuarios y no usuarios del
servicio para validar los primeros hallazgos de la investigación cualitativa.
Como principales conclusiones se identifican factores que incentivan a la demanda
asociados al servicio en sí, pero también en la percepción de la marca proveedora de servicios
y las motivaciones del público. Asimismo, desincentivan a la demanda los miedos a las
nuevas tecnologías, temas externos como infraestructura de la ciudad y las malas
experiencias del usuario. Por otro lado, los factores que incentivan a la los proveedores del
servicio están relacionados a la oferta de valor, un plan de marketing establecido y
oportunidades del mercado que impacten directamente en el servicio. Los principales factores
que desincentivan a la oferta están relacionados con las decisiones de los inversionistas,
costos operativos y factores relacionados a políticas y desarrollo urbano de la ciudad.
Las principales recomendaciones se enfocaron en los proveedores del servicio y la
importancia de conocer al público objetivo, generar confianza, contar con un plan de crisis y
adaptar la estrategia a la realidad de cada país. Asimismo, las recomendaciones para los
funcionarios del ecosistema de transporte urbano se enfocaron en aprovechar la relevancia
que tomó este nuevo servicio para fomentar su uso, garantizar la seguridad de los peatones y
elaborar campañas de educación vial.
One of the main recurring problems in Lima has been the management of public transport and services in general, which has been exacerbated by the restrictions imposed by the government as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, two companies led the entry of a new individual transport service in the city, offering a value proposition that encompassed modernity, environmental protection and practicality. However, various factors, both internal and external to the companies, meant that the original business model no longer existed, some companies had disappeared or those that were still operating were liquidating their teams. What happened then? What lessons can be learned from the introduction of this new individual transport service in Lima? How did the situation affect the acceptance and success or failure of this new service? This research seeks to identify the factors that promote and hinder the adoption of the electric scooter rental service in Lima, a new and innovative project that, unlike other means of individual transport such as traditional bicycles, electric bicycles or motorcycles, was presented to the market as an electric transport option for rent, marking a milestone in a new category of services in the metropolitan area of Lima, and which, despite promising much success, has not achieved what was expected due to internal circumstances of the supplier companies and external market factors. The research includes interviews with users and non-users, electric scooter rental service providers, officials from public institutions related to the urban transport ecosystem, and service marketing experts. It also includes surveys of users and non-users of the service to validate the initial findings of the qualitative and quantitative research. The main conclusions were that factors driving demand are related to the service itself, but also to the perception of the service provider's brand and the public's motivations. Similarly, fear of new technologies, external issues such as city infrastructure, and poor user experience discourage demand. On the other hand, the factors that incentivize service providers are related to the value proposition, an established marketing plan, and market opportunities that directly impact the service. The main disincentives to supply are related to investment decisions, operating costs, and factors related to city policies and urban development. The main recommendations focused on service providers and the importance of knowing the target audience, building trust, having a contingency plan, and adapting the strategy to the reality of each country. Likewise, recommendations for urban transport ecosystem officials focused on taking advantage of the relevance of this new service to promote its use, ensuring pedestrian safety and developing road safety education campaigns.
One of the main recurring problems in Lima has been the management of public transport and services in general, which has been exacerbated by the restrictions imposed by the government as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, two companies led the entry of a new individual transport service in the city, offering a value proposition that encompassed modernity, environmental protection and practicality. However, various factors, both internal and external to the companies, meant that the original business model no longer existed, some companies had disappeared or those that were still operating were liquidating their teams. What happened then? What lessons can be learned from the introduction of this new individual transport service in Lima? How did the situation affect the acceptance and success or failure of this new service? This research seeks to identify the factors that promote and hinder the adoption of the electric scooter rental service in Lima, a new and innovative project that, unlike other means of individual transport such as traditional bicycles, electric bicycles or motorcycles, was presented to the market as an electric transport option for rent, marking a milestone in a new category of services in the metropolitan area of Lima, and which, despite promising much success, has not achieved what was expected due to internal circumstances of the supplier companies and external market factors. The research includes interviews with users and non-users, electric scooter rental service providers, officials from public institutions related to the urban transport ecosystem, and service marketing experts. It also includes surveys of users and non-users of the service to validate the initial findings of the qualitative and quantitative research. The main conclusions were that factors driving demand are related to the service itself, but also to the perception of the service provider's brand and the public's motivations. Similarly, fear of new technologies, external issues such as city infrastructure, and poor user experience discourage demand. On the other hand, the factors that incentivize service providers are related to the value proposition, an established marketing plan, and market opportunities that directly impact the service. The main disincentives to supply are related to investment decisions, operating costs, and factors related to city policies and urban development. The main recommendations focused on service providers and the importance of knowing the target audience, building trust, having a contingency plan, and adapting the strategy to the reality of each country. Likewise, recommendations for urban transport ecosystem officials focused on taking advantage of the relevance of this new service to promote its use, ensuring pedestrian safety and developing road safety education campaigns.
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Transporte urbano--Aspectos ambientales--Perú--Lima, Transporte urbano--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Lima, Energía renovable, Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020- --Perú
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