Lenguaje Expresivo y Receptivo en Niños del Trastorno del Espectro Autista de una Institución Privada en Lima
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Date
2023-10-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La gran mayoría de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) presentan
alteraciones en el lenguaje, las cuales les ocasionan dificultades en su interacción y adaptación
a su entorno. Sin embargo, con una intervención temprana, es posible disminuir los efectos
negativos e incluso permitirles desarrollar un lenguaje adecuado y funcional. Por lo tanto, es
importante conocer las características del lenguaje en estos niños, desde edades tempranas,
para así poder generar planes de intervención adecuados a sus necesidades. La presente
investigación tiene como objetivo describir el lenguaje expresivo y receptivo en niños con TEA
que acuden a consulta externa de una institución educativa especializada de Lima. Se trata de
una investigación descriptiva, de diseño no experimental. Para la realización de la investigación
se revisó 38 informes de niños que acudieron a consulta externa de un centro educativo
privado especializado en el año 2019. Todos los niños de la muestra se encontraban en edad
preescolar (entre los 2 años 11 meses y los 6 años 7 meses) y todos contaron con diagnóstico
de TEA. Los resultados indican que existe un desempeño por debajo de lo esperado para su
edad cronológica, tanto en el lenguaje expresivo y receptivo, así como en todos los
componentes del lenguaje. Se resalta la importancia de realizar una evaluación que integre
ambos procesos del lenguaje (expresivo y receptivo) y una intervención temprana en lenguaje
a los niños con TEA.
The vast majority of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have language disorders, which cause them difficulties in their interaction and adaptation to their environment. However, with early intervention, it is possible to lessen the negative effects and even help them to develop an adequate and functional language. Therefore, it is important to study the characteristics of these children’s language, from an early age, in order to plan interventions which according to their needs. This research aims to describe expressive and receptive language in children with ASD who attended an outpatient clinic at a specialized educational institution in Lima. This is a non-experimental design, descriptive research based on a review of 38 reports from children who attended a specialized private educational center in 2019. All the children in the sample were at a preschool age (between 2 years 11 months and 6 years 7 months) and all had a diagnosis of ASD. The results indicate that all children’s performance was below the expected for their chronological age, both in expressive and receptive language, as well as in all language components. We highlight the importance of carrying out an evaluation that integrates both language processes (expressive and receptive) and an early intervention in language for children with ASD.
The vast majority of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have language disorders, which cause them difficulties in their interaction and adaptation to their environment. However, with early intervention, it is possible to lessen the negative effects and even help them to develop an adequate and functional language. Therefore, it is important to study the characteristics of these children’s language, from an early age, in order to plan interventions which according to their needs. This research aims to describe expressive and receptive language in children with ASD who attended an outpatient clinic at a specialized educational institution in Lima. This is a non-experimental design, descriptive research based on a review of 38 reports from children who attended a specialized private educational center in 2019. All the children in the sample were at a preschool age (between 2 years 11 months and 6 years 7 months) and all had a diagnosis of ASD. The results indicate that all children’s performance was below the expected for their chronological age, both in expressive and receptive language, as well as in all language components. We highlight the importance of carrying out an evaluation that integrates both language processes (expressive and receptive) and an early intervention in language for children with ASD.
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Keywords
Autismo infantil, Niños--Lenguaje, Educación preescolar--Investigaciones
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