Informe jurídico sobre Resolución N.º 3839-2022 SUNARP-TR
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe analiza la Resolución N.º 3839-2022-SUNARP-TR con el
objetivo de determinar si resulta jurídicamente viable admitir la anotación de
bloqueo registral para actos jurídicos ad solemnitatem como la donación de
bienes inmuebles cuando estos son presentados mediante minuta. Para ello, se
recurre a un enfoque integral que comprende el análisis histórico de la legislación
registral peruana, una interpretación sistemática de la normativa vigente, la
comparación con modelos jurídicos extranjeros y una revisión crítica de la
jurisprudencia nacional.
La principal conclusión del informe es que el Tribunal Registral incurrió en error
al denegar el bloqueo registral en el caso concreto, al considerar insuficiente la
minuta por ausencia de escritura pública. Se sostiene que el bloqueo no otorga
validez al acto, ni transfiere propiedad, sino que protege la prioridad registral
mientras se cumple con la formalidad exigida. Negar este mecanismo genera
una discriminación frente a otros actos de naturaleza real – como la compraventa
o hipoteca – que sí acceden al bloqueo.
El informe presenta fundamentos doctrinales que refuerzan la naturaleza
provisional y no constitutiva del bloqueo registral, así como los límites a su
calificación. Asimismo, se evidencia cómo la interpretación seguida por el
Tribunal contradice avances normativos y directivas que estaban consolidando
un entendimiento correcto del alcance y finalidad del bloqueo registral.
Finalmente se argumenta que permitir el bloqueo en donaciones no vulnera
principios registrales ni convalida actos nulos, sino que garantiza una protección
legítima al donatario, sin condicionar la solicitud del bloqueo a la existencia previa
de escritura pública.
This report analyzes Resolution No. 3839-2022-SUNARP-TR with the objective of determining whether it is legally viable to allow the annotation of a registration blocking for ad solemnitatem legal acts, such as the donation of immovable property, when submitted through a private instrument. To this end, the analysis adopts a comprehensive approach that includes the historical development of Peruvian Registration law, a systematic interpretation of the current legal framework, a comparative analysis with foreign legal systems, and a critical review of domestic jurisprudence. The main conclusion of the report is that the Registration Tribunal erred in a denying the registration blocking in the specific case by considering the private instrument insufficient due to the absence of a public deed It is argued that the registration blocking does not grant legal validity to the act, nor does it transfer ownership, but rather protects registration priority while the required formalities – namely, the execution of a public deed – are fulfilled. Denying access to this mechanism results in unjustified discrimination in comparison to other real property acts – such as sales or mortgages – that are eligible for registration blocking despite being similarly pending formalization. The report presents doctrinal ground supporting the provisional and nonconstitutive nature of registration blocking, as well as its limited review. It shows that the Tribunal’s interpretation contradicts regulatory developments shaping a proper understanding of its scope and purpose. Finally, it argues that allowing blocking in donations ensures legitimate protection for the donee without requiring a prior public deed.
This report analyzes Resolution No. 3839-2022-SUNARP-TR with the objective of determining whether it is legally viable to allow the annotation of a registration blocking for ad solemnitatem legal acts, such as the donation of immovable property, when submitted through a private instrument. To this end, the analysis adopts a comprehensive approach that includes the historical development of Peruvian Registration law, a systematic interpretation of the current legal framework, a comparative analysis with foreign legal systems, and a critical review of domestic jurisprudence. The main conclusion of the report is that the Registration Tribunal erred in a denying the registration blocking in the specific case by considering the private instrument insufficient due to the absence of a public deed It is argued that the registration blocking does not grant legal validity to the act, nor does it transfer ownership, but rather protects registration priority while the required formalities – namely, the execution of a public deed – are fulfilled. Denying access to this mechanism results in unjustified discrimination in comparison to other real property acts – such as sales or mortgages – that are eligible for registration blocking despite being similarly pending formalization. The report presents doctrinal ground supporting the provisional and nonconstitutive nature of registration blocking, as well as its limited review. It shows that the Tribunal’s interpretation contradicts regulatory developments shaping a proper understanding of its scope and purpose. Finally, it argues that allowing blocking in donations ensures legitimate protection for the donee without requiring a prior public deed.
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Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos (Perú), Actos jurídicos--Perú, Donación--Legislación--Perú, Propiedad inmueble--Perú, Derecho registral--Perú
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