La formalización de los predios rurales en el Perú
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2023-06-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
El proceso de formalización de predio rural en el Perú, a través de los años, ha
buscado solucionar y regularizar la informalidad de dichos predios. De esta
manera, poder consolidar, garantizar de manera integral la formalización y
titulación de una gran cantidad de predios por sanear en el Perú. De otra parte,
es importante resaltar la seguridad jurídica que la formalización de un predio
rural puede otorgar, disminuyendo así la informalidad predial.
Ahora bien, durante los últimos 20 años, se han modificado distintos marcos
normativos para el proceso de formalización de predios rurales.
Así, en 1991 se promulgó el Decreto Legislativo N° 667, que dicta la Ley del
Registro de Predios Rurales; por otro lado, se promulgó el Decreto Legislativo
N° 1089, a través del cual se estableció el Régimen Temporal Extraordinario de
Formalización y Titulación de Predios Rurales y se otorgó al Organismo de
Formalización de la Propiedad Informal (COFOPRI) la competencia para la
formalización y titulación de predios rústicos y tierras eriazas, para su posterior
transferencia a los Gobiernos Regionales de la función para el saneamiento físico
legal y formalización de propiedad agraria, mediante el Decreto Supremo N°
018-2014-VIVIENDA.
En marzo de este año, se publicó la Ley N°31145, Ley de Saneamiento Físico
Legal y Formalización de Predios Rurales y, posteriormente, mediante la
Resolución Ministerial N° 265-2021-MIDAGRI se publicó el proyecto de
Decreto Supremo que aprueba su reglamento.
De esta manera, mediante el presente trabajo, se da cuenta de los alcances
generales de los antecedentes de la formalización de predios rurales en el Perú;
de las nuevas disposiciones sobre la regularización de derechos posesorios en
predios de propiedad del Estado y en predios de propiedad particular.
Asimismo, se analizará si los gobiernos regionales, conforme a la nueva ley y su
reglamento, están dotadas y calificadas para llenar los vacíos dejados por las
distintas normas que han intentado regular la formalización de predios rurales.
En consecuencia, es de gran importancia determinar si los tipos de formalización
en el Perú han sido vulnerados o privilegiados con las distintas modificaciones
normativas en el proceso de formalización.
En virtud de lo anterior, se hará una propuesta de mejoras y alternativas del
procedimiento de formalización de predio rural y su nueva ley y reglamento,
teniendo en consideración los instrumentos para la formalización de predio rural,
los mismos que dan la apertura y culminación al proceso de formalización de los
predios rurales en el Perú.
The process of formalizing rural properties in Peru, over the years, has sought to solve and regularize the informality of rural properties. In this way, to be able to consolidate, comprehensively guarantee the formalization and titling of a large number of properties to be cleaned up in Peru. On the other hand, it is important to highlight the legal security that the formalization of a rural property can provide, thus reducing property informality. However, during the last 20 years, different regulatory frameworks have been modified in the process of formalizing rural properties. Thus, in 1991, Legislative Decree No. 667 was enacted, which dictates the Rural Property Registry Law, and the Special Project for Land Titling and Rural Cadastre (PETT) was created as the body in charge of the physical-legal reorganization of the properties. rural areas, through Decree Law No. 25902, Organic Law of the Ministry of Agriculture. On the other hand, Legislative Decree No. 1089 was enacted, through which the Extraordinary Temporary Regime for the Formalization and Titling of Rural Properties was established and the Informal Property Formalization Agency (COFOPRI) was granted the competence for the formalization and titling of rustic properties and uncultivated lands, for their subsequent transfer to the Regional Governments of the function for legal physical sanitation and formalization of agrarian property, through Supreme Decree No. 018-2014- HOUSING. On the other hand, a few months ago Law No. 31145, Law of Physical Legal Sanitation and Formalization of Rural Properties was published and, recently, through Ministerial Resolution No. 265-2021-MIDAGRI the regulations of this law were approved. Along the same lines, it will be analyzed whether the GORES, through the new law and its regulations, are equipped and qualified to fill the gaps left by the different norms that have tried to regulate the formalization of rural properties. Consequently, it is of great importance to determine if the types of formalization in Peru have been violated or privileged with the different regulatory modifications in the formalization process. By virtue of the above, a proposal will be made for improvements and alternatives to the rural property formalization procedure and its new Law and Regulation, taking into consideration the instruments for the rural property formalization, the same that give the opening and culmination of the process. of formalization of rural properties in Peru.
The process of formalizing rural properties in Peru, over the years, has sought to solve and regularize the informality of rural properties. In this way, to be able to consolidate, comprehensively guarantee the formalization and titling of a large number of properties to be cleaned up in Peru. On the other hand, it is important to highlight the legal security that the formalization of a rural property can provide, thus reducing property informality. However, during the last 20 years, different regulatory frameworks have been modified in the process of formalizing rural properties. Thus, in 1991, Legislative Decree No. 667 was enacted, which dictates the Rural Property Registry Law, and the Special Project for Land Titling and Rural Cadastre (PETT) was created as the body in charge of the physical-legal reorganization of the properties. rural areas, through Decree Law No. 25902, Organic Law of the Ministry of Agriculture. On the other hand, Legislative Decree No. 1089 was enacted, through which the Extraordinary Temporary Regime for the Formalization and Titling of Rural Properties was established and the Informal Property Formalization Agency (COFOPRI) was granted the competence for the formalization and titling of rustic properties and uncultivated lands, for their subsequent transfer to the Regional Governments of the function for legal physical sanitation and formalization of agrarian property, through Supreme Decree No. 018-2014- HOUSING. On the other hand, a few months ago Law No. 31145, Law of Physical Legal Sanitation and Formalization of Rural Properties was published and, recently, through Ministerial Resolution No. 265-2021-MIDAGRI the regulations of this law were approved. Along the same lines, it will be analyzed whether the GORES, through the new law and its regulations, are equipped and qualified to fill the gaps left by the different norms that have tried to regulate the formalization of rural properties. Consequently, it is of great importance to determine if the types of formalization in Peru have been violated or privileged with the different regulatory modifications in the formalization process. By virtue of the above, a proposal will be made for improvements and alternatives to the rural property formalization procedure and its new Law and Regulation, taking into consideration the instruments for the rural property formalization, the same that give the opening and culmination of the process. of formalization of rural properties in Peru.
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Palabras clave
Derecho registral--Perú, Tierras--Títulos de propiedad--Perú, Propiedades de predios agrícolas