La calidad de cosa juzgada en los laudos arbitrales y su importancia en la resolución de controversias en el Régimen de Contrataciones del Estado
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2022-03-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente artículo analiza la Ley de Arbitraje peruana aplicada en las
Contrataciones Públicas, de la mano con diversas posturas de la doctrina nacional y
comparada; así mismo, se refuerza con jurisprudencia nacional. Por tanto, tiene por
finalidad estudiar uno de los aspectos más importantes en temas arbitrales, el cual es la
cosa juzgada. En ese sentido, desarrollaré la implicancia que tienen los laudos arbitrales
en las Contrataciones con el Estado, debido a que, siendo el Estado una de las partes, las
controversias que puedan surgir dentro del periodo de ejecución contractual tendrá que
ser resuelto por un tercero imparcial, independiente de ellas.
Por tanto, el problema que logro identificar es que, si bien se otorga cierta facultad
jurisdiccional a los miembros del tribunal arbitral para emitir pronunciamiento y que estos
sean plasmados a través de un laudo arbitral, el cual tiene la particularidad de constituir
cosa juzgada y siendo así, se genere la prohibición que dicha decisión se vulnere en sede
judicial o arbitral por algún aspecto del fondo de la controversia resuelta; sin embargo,
aún queda pendiente la necesidad de ser correctamente fundamentada con la finalidad de
ser ejecutables, sobre todo en temas de Contrataciones Públicas. donde lo que se quiere
garantizar es el interés general.
En conclusión, se logra establecer que, el arbitraje en contrataciones con el Estado,
parecería ser, un tema distinto entre privados, cuando es el Estado una de las partes.
In this article analyzes the Peruvian Arbitration Law applied to Public Procurement, together with positions of the national and comparative doctrine, likewise, it is reinforced with national jurisprudence. Therefore, its purpose is to study one of the most important aspect in arbitration matters, which is the res judicata. In this context, I will develop the implication that arbitral awards have in State Contracting, due to the fact that, being the State one of the parties, the controversies that may arise within the contractual execution period will have to be resolved by an impartial third part, independent of them. Consequently, the problem that I am able to identify is that, although certain jurisdictional power is granted to the members of the arbitral tribunal to issue statements and that these are expressed in an arbitral decision, which has the particularity of constituting res judicata and being so, it generates the prohibition that such decision is violated in judicial or arbitration forum due to any aspect of the merits of the dispute resolved. However, it is still pending the need to be properly grounded in order to be enforceable, especially in matters of State Contracting where the general interest is to be guaranteed. In conclusion, it is possible to establish that, arbitration in State Contracting, would seem to be, a different issue between private parties, when the State is one of the parties.
In this article analyzes the Peruvian Arbitration Law applied to Public Procurement, together with positions of the national and comparative doctrine, likewise, it is reinforced with national jurisprudence. Therefore, its purpose is to study one of the most important aspect in arbitration matters, which is the res judicata. In this context, I will develop the implication that arbitral awards have in State Contracting, due to the fact that, being the State one of the parties, the controversies that may arise within the contractual execution period will have to be resolved by an impartial third part, independent of them. Consequently, the problem that I am able to identify is that, although certain jurisdictional power is granted to the members of the arbitral tribunal to issue statements and that these are expressed in an arbitral decision, which has the particularity of constituting res judicata and being so, it generates the prohibition that such decision is violated in judicial or arbitration forum due to any aspect of the merits of the dispute resolved. However, it is still pending the need to be properly grounded in order to be enforceable, especially in matters of State Contracting where the general interest is to be guaranteed. In conclusion, it is possible to establish that, arbitration in State Contracting, would seem to be, a different issue between private parties, when the State is one of the parties.
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Arbitraje (Derecho administrativo)--Legislación--Perú, Contratos públicos--Perú
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