Aillu: sistema de botiquín comunitario de atención primaria para la promoción y prevención sanitaria en la población de Cochabamba, Áncash
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2021-06-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La Atención Primaria de Salud ofrece tratamiento y medicación básica a la población,
asimismo, promueve el cuidado de su salud al brindarles información sobre cómo
prevenir afecciones. Sin embargo, su acceso en comunidades rurales como Cochabamba, en
el departamento de Áncash, es limitado y genera ineficacia en la promoción de la salud y
prevención de enfermedades. En este contexto, el botiquín representa una herramienta
fundamental de primeros auxilios, cuyo estudio guio esta investigación con un enfoque de
Diseño Social, Emocional y Participativo. Su diseño actual se orienta a innovaciones
técnicas y funcionales con productos de similar morfología, donde la organización de
medicamentos e insumos de primeros auxilios es primordial. No obstante, se limitan casi
exclusivamente al tratamiento de emergencia y solo apoyan la atención primaria
superficialmente. Este estudio plantea el diseño del Sistema de Botiquín Comunitario
Aillu, que brinda atención primaria accesible, y facilita la promoción sanitaria y
prevención de enfermedades respiratorias y digestivas. Para validarlo, se realizó una serie
de entrevistas a distancia bajo la metodología del Diseño Centrado en el Humano,
apoyada por enfoques sociales y emocionales. Asimismo, se planteó una validación a
distancia con métodos etnográficos y netnográficos. La información recopilada se
organizó por medio de tablas de registro y se analizó a través de mapas de empatía y un
diagrama de afinidad. Estos brindaron parámetros de diseño y mostraron el interés local de
participar en la salud comunitaria, donde Aillu les brinda las herramientas para
involucrarse en la Atención Primaria de Salud, les permite ser protagonistas de la
promoción sanitaria e incentiva su participación activa. Por ello, se espera que el Sistema
Aillu cree un vínculo de cooperación con el centro médico que permita desarrollar la
autogestión comunitaria de su salud básica.
Primary Health Care offers treatment and basic medication to the population, likewise, it promotes their health care by providing them with information on how to prevent diseases. However, its access in rural communities such as Cochabamba, in the department of Ancash, is limited and generates ineffectiveness in health promotion and disease prevention. In this context, the first aid kit represents a fundamental first aid tool, and its study guided this research with a Social, Emotional and Participatory Design approach. Its current design is oriented towards technical and functional innovations with products of similar morphology, where the organization of medicines and first aid supplies is essential. However, they are almost exclusively limited to emergency treatment and only superficially support primary care. This study proposes the design of the Aillu Community Health Kit System, which provides accessible primary care, and facilitates health promotion and prevention of respiratory and digestive diseases. To validate it, a series of distance interviews was carried out under the Human Centered Design methodology, supported by social and emotional approaches. Likewise, a remote validation with ethnographic and netnographic methods was proposed. The information collected was organized through registration tables and analyzed through empathy maps and an affinity diagram. These provided design parameters and showed local interest in participating in community health, where Aillu provides them with the tools to get involved in Primary Health Care, allows them to be protagonists of health promotion and encourages their active participation. For this reason, it is expected that the Aillu System will create a cooperative link with the medical center that will allow them to develop community self-management of their basic health.
Primary Health Care offers treatment and basic medication to the population, likewise, it promotes their health care by providing them with information on how to prevent diseases. However, its access in rural communities such as Cochabamba, in the department of Ancash, is limited and generates ineffectiveness in health promotion and disease prevention. In this context, the first aid kit represents a fundamental first aid tool, and its study guided this research with a Social, Emotional and Participatory Design approach. Its current design is oriented towards technical and functional innovations with products of similar morphology, where the organization of medicines and first aid supplies is essential. However, they are almost exclusively limited to emergency treatment and only superficially support primary care. This study proposes the design of the Aillu Community Health Kit System, which provides accessible primary care, and facilitates health promotion and prevention of respiratory and digestive diseases. To validate it, a series of distance interviews was carried out under the Human Centered Design methodology, supported by social and emotional approaches. Likewise, a remote validation with ethnographic and netnographic methods was proposed. The information collected was organized through registration tables and analyzed through empathy maps and an affinity diagram. These provided design parameters and showed local interest in participating in community health, where Aillu provides them with the tools to get involved in Primary Health Care, allows them to be protagonists of health promotion and encourages their active participation. For this reason, it is expected that the Aillu System will create a cooperative link with the medical center that will allow them to develop community self-management of their basic health.
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Keywords
Atención primaria de la salud--Perú--Cochabamba (Ancash : Distrito), Comunidades rurales--Perú, Primeros auxilios, Medicina--Instrumentos y aparatos--Diseño
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