Transición de carrera empresarial de las personas con discapacidad pobres en Ecuador: un estudio exploratorio
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Date
2019-03-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio pretende construir una teoría emergente sobre los mecanismos relevantes en
la transición de carrera empresarial de las personas con discapacidad partiendo desde su contexto
de pobreza.
La investigación fue desarrollada bajo el paradigma cualitativo, de propósito exploratorio y
lógica inductiva. Se presenta resultados básicos dentro de un horizonte transeccional, se utilizó la
metodología de teoría fundamentada, donde la recolección de datos se logró a través de
entrevistas a profundidad en un estudio de casos múltiples. Los 10 casos de estudio fueron
obtenidos de la base de datos del Ministerio de Industrias y Productividad del Ecuador (MIPRO),
cuyo análisis e interpretación de los resultados fueron a través del análisis del discurso.
Los resultados produjeron 162 temas de datos en bruto, 68 categorías de primer orden, 21
categorías de segundo orden y siete categorías generales: (a) pobreza obstructora del
emprendimiento, (b) decisiones de carrera, (c) discapacidad e impedimentos en el
emprendimiento y decisiones de carrera, (d) soportes en el emprendimiento, (e) motivaciones
para la transición de carrera en el emprendimiento, (f) transición de carrera empresarial exitosa,
(g) transición de carrera empresarial no exitosa, y (h) bienestar.
Se concluye que las características personales que contribuyen al éxito en la transición de carrera
empresarial de las personas con discapacidad que han sido pobres son: (a) autoconfianza, (b)
determinación, (c) visión, (d) espíritu emprendedor, y (e) la experiencia. La mayor parte de estas
características han sido fomentadas y formadas desde el hogar, catalogado como el factor
principal de soporte ambiental y el estado como medio para el financiamiento. Se concluye
también que las personas con discapacidad que han sido pobres, emprenden por tres razones: (a)
necesidad, (b) deseo, y (c) por oportunidad; cuyo último fin es la integración social, económica y
el bienestar.
The present study aims to build an emerging theory on the relevant mechanisms in the transition of business career of people with disabilities starting from their poverty context. The research was developed within the qualitative paradigm, with an exploratory purpose and an inductive logic. The results are basic within a transversal horizon, the methodology of grounded theory was used, where data collection was achieved through in-depth interviews in a multiple case study. The 10 case studies were obtained from the database of the Ministry of Industries and Productivity of Ecuador (MIPRO), whose analysis and interpretation of the results were through discourse analysis. The results produced 162 raw data subjects, 68 first-order categories, 21 second-order categories and seven general categories: (a) entrepreneurship-obstructing poverty, (b) career decisions, (c) disability and impediments in entrepreneurship and career decisions, (d) supports in entrepreneurship, (e) motivations for career transition in entrepreneurship, (f) successful business career transition, (g) unsuccessful business career transition, and (h) wellness. This research concludes that the personal characteristics that contribute to the success in the career transition of people with disabilities who have been poor are: (a) self-confidence, (b) determination, (c) vision, (d) entrepreneurial spirit, and (e) the experience. Most of these characteristics have been fostered and formed from the home, cataloged as the main factor of environmental support and the state as a means of financing. It is also concluded that people with disabilities who have been poor, undertake for three reasons: (a) need, (b) desire, and (c) opportunity; whose ultimate goal is social, economic and welfare integration.
The present study aims to build an emerging theory on the relevant mechanisms in the transition of business career of people with disabilities starting from their poverty context. The research was developed within the qualitative paradigm, with an exploratory purpose and an inductive logic. The results are basic within a transversal horizon, the methodology of grounded theory was used, where data collection was achieved through in-depth interviews in a multiple case study. The 10 case studies were obtained from the database of the Ministry of Industries and Productivity of Ecuador (MIPRO), whose analysis and interpretation of the results were through discourse analysis. The results produced 162 raw data subjects, 68 first-order categories, 21 second-order categories and seven general categories: (a) entrepreneurship-obstructing poverty, (b) career decisions, (c) disability and impediments in entrepreneurship and career decisions, (d) supports in entrepreneurship, (e) motivations for career transition in entrepreneurship, (f) successful business career transition, (g) unsuccessful business career transition, and (h) wellness. This research concludes that the personal characteristics that contribute to the success in the career transition of people with disabilities who have been poor are: (a) self-confidence, (b) determination, (c) vision, (d) entrepreneurial spirit, and (e) the experience. Most of these characteristics have been fostered and formed from the home, cataloged as the main factor of environmental support and the state as a means of financing. It is also concluded that people with disabilities who have been poor, undertake for three reasons: (a) need, (b) desire, and (c) opportunity; whose ultimate goal is social, economic and welfare integration.
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Keywords
Emprendimiento (Administración), Investigación cualitativa, Personas con discapacidad--Condiciones sociales--Ecuador