Gestión escolar: factores de éxito y limitantes de la política pública en cuatro escuelas de la UGEL 07 según Encuesta Censal de Estudiantes 2012-2016
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2020-10-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación identifica factores de éxito y limitantes en la implementación
de la política educativa de Gestión Escolar en cuatro Instituciones Educativas de la
UGEL 07 (Lima Metropolitana) que han experimentado cambios en el logro de
aprendizajes de sus estudiantes de acuerdo a la Encuesta Censal de Estudiantes
(2012-2016). Para ello hace uso de conceptos clave como son la calidad educativa, la
participación, la gobernanza y la innovación; a fin de cuestionar qué es lo que hacen y
no hacen las escuelas al organizarse con objeto de lograr mejoras en los resultados de
aprendizaje, pudiendo ser estas fluctuantes o sostenidas en el tiempo. Los resultados
demuestran que el rol y liderazgo de los equipos directivos son un factor relevante para
la planificación y la consecución de metas establecidas, así como para el
establecimiento de un clima institucional favorable, siendo este indispensable para
garantizar la participación de los diversos actores de las comunidades educativas y el
establecimiento de relaciones de confianza y cooperación. En sentido opuesto, se
identifica el desconocimiento que tienen las comunidades sobre conceptos básicos de
planificación y seguimientos de metas (que detalla la política pública) así como la
ejecución de los mismos, como uno de las principales limitantes. Acompaña a esta, la
dificultad de los equipos directivos y docentes para cumplir con los plazos de
planificación normados así como la desmotivación encontrada al momento de cumplir
con las tareas encomendadas, asociada a la percepción de desvaloración del rol
docente. Otra limitante es el incumplimiento de procesos de seguimiento pedagógico,
aquellos que orientan los cambios pertinentes para alcanzar las metas planteadas por
las escuelas. Finalmente, se identifica que la participación aún representa un reto para
las escuelas, siendo que los y las estudiantes son el actor más relegado en lo que
respecta a la gestión escolar, seguido por los padres y madres de familia.
This research identifies success and limiting factors in the implementation of the educational policy of School Management in four Educational Institutions of UGEL 07 (Metropolitan Lima) that have experienced changes in the achievement of learning of their students according to the Census Survey of Students (2012-2016). To do this, it makes use of key concepts such as educational quality, participation, governance and innovation; in order to question what schools do and don't do when organizing in order to achieve improvements in learning outcomes, which may be fluctuating or sustained over time. The results show that the role and leadership of the Principals teams are a relevant factor for planning and achieving established goals, as well as for establishing a favorable institutional climate, this being essential to guarantee the participation of the various actors in the educational communities and the establishment of relationships of trust and cooperation. In the opposite sense, the lack of knowledge of the communities about basic planning and goal-tracking concepts (which details public policy) is identified, as well as their execution, as one of the main limitations. Accompanying this, the difficulty of the Principals and teachers to meet the regulatory planning deadlines as well as the lack of motivation found when completing the tasks assigned, associated with the perception of devaluation of the teaching role. Another limitation is the non-compliance with pedagogical follow-up processes, those that guide the pertinent changes to achieve the goals set by the schools. Finally, it is identified that participation still represents a challenge for schools, and that students are the most relegated actor in terms of school management, followed by parents.
This research identifies success and limiting factors in the implementation of the educational policy of School Management in four Educational Institutions of UGEL 07 (Metropolitan Lima) that have experienced changes in the achievement of learning of their students according to the Census Survey of Students (2012-2016). To do this, it makes use of key concepts such as educational quality, participation, governance and innovation; in order to question what schools do and don't do when organizing in order to achieve improvements in learning outcomes, which may be fluctuating or sustained over time. The results show that the role and leadership of the Principals teams are a relevant factor for planning and achieving established goals, as well as for establishing a favorable institutional climate, this being essential to guarantee the participation of the various actors in the educational communities and the establishment of relationships of trust and cooperation. In the opposite sense, the lack of knowledge of the communities about basic planning and goal-tracking concepts (which details public policy) is identified, as well as their execution, as one of the main limitations. Accompanying this, the difficulty of the Principals and teachers to meet the regulatory planning deadlines as well as the lack of motivation found when completing the tasks assigned, associated with the perception of devaluation of the teaching role. Another limitation is the non-compliance with pedagogical follow-up processes, those that guide the pertinent changes to achieve the goals set by the schools. Finally, it is identified that participation still represents a challenge for schools, and that students are the most relegated actor in terms of school management, followed by parents.
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Gestión educativa--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Liderazgo (Educación), Administración escolar, Directores de escuelas
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