Los tocapus reales en Guamán Poma: ¿una heráldica incaica?
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2004
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Los tocapus son cuadrángulos con signos geométricos o figurativos estilizados que aparecen en forma de series en los tejidos y vasos ceremoniales del periodo inca y de los inicios del periodo colonial. Varias interpretaciones han sido propuestas para explicar su posible significado, pero ninguna convincente a la fecha. En este estudio preliminar se propone un análisis de los tocapus representados en los retratos de emperadores incas en la famosa Nueva crónica. El método sistemático que los autores han usado abre una vía innovadora para un cierto número de tocapus, los que estarían asociados a Sapa Incas específicos. Además, se ha podido relacionar algunos de esos tocapus "heráldicos" con piezas arqueológicas en las que figuran. Aunque la muestra es bastante reducida, el contexto de dichos hallazgos concuerda a nivel cronológico con las propuestas de atribución, lo que fortalece la hipótesis. Si esta se verifica con una muestra más amplia, podría constituir una herramienta bastante útil para el fechado de los artefactos con tocapus.
Royal Tocapu in Guaman Poma: An Inca Heraldic?Tocapus are small quadrangles filled with geometric or stylized figurative motives that appear in series on textiles and ceremonial goblets of the Inca and Early Colonial Periods. Various interpretations have been proposed in order to explain their possible significance and meaning, but none to date has been convincing. This preliminary study is based on an analysis of the tocapus represented in the portraits of the Inca Emperors in the famous "Nueva crónica...", by Guaman Poma de Ayala. The systematic method the authors have used opens an innovative way of interpreting a certain number of tocapus, suggesting that they could be associated with specific Sapa Incas. Furthermore, some of those "heraldic" tocapus may be linked to archaeological artifacts on which they figure. Although the sample is small, the context of those objects on which the tocapulike images are found fits with the suggested attributions, which strenghtens the hypothesis. If this hypothesis is supported when applied to a larger sample, it would become a useful tool for the dating of artifacts bearing tocapus.
Royal Tocapu in Guaman Poma: An Inca Heraldic?Tocapus are small quadrangles filled with geometric or stylized figurative motives that appear in series on textiles and ceremonial goblets of the Inca and Early Colonial Periods. Various interpretations have been proposed in order to explain their possible significance and meaning, but none to date has been convincing. This preliminary study is based on an analysis of the tocapus represented in the portraits of the Inca Emperors in the famous "Nueva crónica...", by Guaman Poma de Ayala. The systematic method the authors have used opens an innovative way of interpreting a certain number of tocapus, suggesting that they could be associated with specific Sapa Incas. Furthermore, some of those "heraldic" tocapus may be linked to archaeological artifacts on which they figure. Although the sample is small, the context of those objects on which the tocapulike images are found fits with the suggested attributions, which strenghtens the hypothesis. If this hypothesis is supported when applied to a larger sample, it would become a useful tool for the dating of artifacts bearing tocapus.
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Arqueología, Tocapu, Sapa Inca, Cronología, Archaeology, Tocapus, Sapa Inca, Chronology
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