Genealogía del tiempo en el cine moderno: del neorrealismo italiano a “Los Muertos” de Lisandro Alonso
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2018-06-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En este texto, el autor desarrolla la historia del neorrealismo italiano y el contexto histórico en
el que se desenvolvió. De igual manera, se rastrea las características de su estética que supuso
un momento de corte frente a las anteriores estéticas realistas. Frente al neorrealismo visto
únicamente como crítica o crónica social, algunos críticos y filósofos como André Bazin y
Gilles Deleuze relevaron sus aportes en la Historia del Cine tanto por las innovaciones en la
puesta en escena como por ser el inicio de un cine que utilizó el tiempo cinematográfico en
tanto elemento expresivo primordial. Fueron algunos directores provenientes de este
movimiento, en la década del cincuenta, como Roberto Rossellini, Federico Fellini y
Michelangelo Antonioni quienes hicieron el tránsito de una estética neorrealista al cine
moderno, privilegiando al tiempo cinematográfico como una característica importante en el
cine de autor de entonces, que Deleuze denominó como Imagen-tiempo. La vigencia de estos
directores en el cine contemporáneo no es casual: marcaron un territorio que luego será
emulado por jóvenes directores interesados en los efectos expresivos y poéticos del tiempo
cinematográfico. Ese es el caso de varios de los directores mas interesantes de América Latina
durante la primera década del año dos mil. Ese es el caso del cineasta argentino Lisandro
Alonso.
The research focuses on the history of Italian neorealism and the historical context in which it developed. Similarly, it analyzes the characteristics of its aesthetics that implied a rupture with previous realistic aesthetics. Considering neorrealism only as a criticism or social chronicle, some critics and philosophers such as André Bazin and Gilles Deleuze, divulged its contributions in the History of Cinema both for its innovations in staging as for being the outset of a cinema that uses cinematographic time as a fundamental expressive element. Some of the directors of this movement in the decade of the fifties as Roberto Rossellini, Fellini and Michelangelo Antonioni started the movement from a neo-realistic aesthetic to modern cinema granting especial characteristic to cinematographic time in the author cinema of that time, which Deleuze labeled as the Time-Image. The authoritativeness of these directors in contemporary filmmaking is not fortuitous: they underline a territory that will be later imitate by young directors interested in the expressive and poetic effects of the cinematographic time. This is the case for some of the most interesting directors of Latin America during the first decade of the year 2000. This is the case of Argentinean director Lisandro Alonso.
The research focuses on the history of Italian neorealism and the historical context in which it developed. Similarly, it analyzes the characteristics of its aesthetics that implied a rupture with previous realistic aesthetics. Considering neorrealism only as a criticism or social chronicle, some critics and philosophers such as André Bazin and Gilles Deleuze, divulged its contributions in the History of Cinema both for its innovations in staging as for being the outset of a cinema that uses cinematographic time as a fundamental expressive element. Some of the directors of this movement in the decade of the fifties as Roberto Rossellini, Fellini and Michelangelo Antonioni started the movement from a neo-realistic aesthetic to modern cinema granting especial characteristic to cinematographic time in the author cinema of that time, which Deleuze labeled as the Time-Image. The authoritativeness of these directors in contemporary filmmaking is not fortuitous: they underline a territory that will be later imitate by young directors interested in the expressive and poetic effects of the cinematographic time. This is the case for some of the most interesting directors of Latin America during the first decade of the year 2000. This is the case of Argentinean director Lisandro Alonso.
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Cine, Cine--Italia, Cine de drama, Alonso, Lisandro, 1975,--Crítica e interpretación
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