Informe jurídico sobre la Casación No. 35154-2022-Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico analiza si corresponde la devolución del pago en
exceso de utilidades efectuado a un grupo de trabajadores, cuando dicho exceso
se originó en un error de cálculo atribuible exclusivamente al empleador. El punto
de partida es diferenciar entre la participación legítima en las utilidades,
reconocida como un derecho del trabajador, y el monto adicional que fue pagado
en exceso debido a una incorrecta determinación de la renta imponible.
Si bien la normativa laboral califica a la participación en las utilidades como un
concepto no remunerativo, a partir de un análisis sustantivo del Derecho del
Trabajo se concluye que dicha participación puede formar parte de la
remuneración. Sin embargo, no ocurre lo mismo con el exceso pagado, ya que
este no cumple con los elementos que configuran el concepto de remuneración,
ni desde una perspectiva sustantiva y amplia, ni desde el enfoque tradicional
recogido en el artículo 6 de la LPCL. En consecuencia, carece de causa jurídica
válida y no califica como un concepto protegido por el Derecho del Trabajo.
Asimismo, al no existir una norma específica que regule este tipo de pagos,
corresponde aplicar supletoriamente el régimen del Código Civil, conforme al
artículo IX de su Título Preliminar. En el caso concreto, el exceso se subsume
en la figura del pago indebido regulado en el artículo 1267, y su restitución se
rige por el artículo 1271, al haber sido recibido de buena fe. Como no se produjo
un enriquecimiento efectivo, solo procede la devolución del capital entregado en
exceso, sin intereses ni frutos. Finalmente, se verifica que la acción fue
interpuesta dentro del plazo de prescripción legal.
This legal report analyzes whether the reimbursement of excess profit-sharing payments made to a group of workers is appropriate when such excess resulted from a calculation error attributable solely to the employer. The starting point is to distinguish between the legitimate participation in profits, recognized as a worker’s right, and the additional amount paid in excess due to an incorrect determination of taxable income. Although labor regulations classify profit-sharing as a non-remunerative concept, based on a substantive analysis of Labor Law, it is concluded that such participation may be considered part of remuneration. However, the same does not apply to the excess amount paid, as it does not meet the criteria that define remuneration, neither from a broad and substantive perspective nor under the traditional definition set forth in Article 6 of the LPCL. Consequently, the excess lacks a valid legal cause and cannot be regarded as a concept protected by Labor Law. Moreover, in the absence of a specific labor regulation governing such payments, it is appropriate to apply the provisions of the Civil Code on a supplementary basis, pursuant to Article IX of its Preliminary Title. In this specific case, the excess payment falls under the legal figure of undue payment as regulated in Article 1267, and its restitution is governed by Article 1271, as it was received in good faith. Since no actual enrichment occurred, only the reimbursement of the excess amount is appropriate, without interest or yields. Finally, it is verified that the legal action was filed within the statutory limitation period.
This legal report analyzes whether the reimbursement of excess profit-sharing payments made to a group of workers is appropriate when such excess resulted from a calculation error attributable solely to the employer. The starting point is to distinguish between the legitimate participation in profits, recognized as a worker’s right, and the additional amount paid in excess due to an incorrect determination of taxable income. Although labor regulations classify profit-sharing as a non-remunerative concept, based on a substantive analysis of Labor Law, it is concluded that such participation may be considered part of remuneration. However, the same does not apply to the excess amount paid, as it does not meet the criteria that define remuneration, neither from a broad and substantive perspective nor under the traditional definition set forth in Article 6 of the LPCL. Consequently, the excess lacks a valid legal cause and cannot be regarded as a concept protected by Labor Law. Moreover, in the absence of a specific labor regulation governing such payments, it is appropriate to apply the provisions of the Civil Code on a supplementary basis, pursuant to Article IX of its Preliminary Title. In this specific case, the excess payment falls under the legal figure of undue payment as regulated in Article 1267, and its restitution is governed by Article 1271, as it was received in good faith. Since no actual enrichment occurred, only the reimbursement of the excess amount is appropriate, without interest or yields. Finally, it is verified that the legal action was filed within the statutory limitation period.
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Participación en las ganancias--Perú--Lima, Pago--Perú--Lima, Derecho laboral--Perú, Derecho civil--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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