Maloclusión dental y alteraciones en la producción del habla en niños de 6 a 12 años de una Institución Educativa Estatal de Arequipa – Perú, 2021
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2024-04-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar las maloclusiones y alteraciones en la producción del
habla en niños de 6 a 12 años de una institución educativa estatal de Arequipa-Perú. El estudio fue
descriptivo y no experimental, la población estuvo conformada por 360 alumnos, del primer al sexto
grado de primaria, realizándose un muestreo no probabilístico de manera intencional con criterios de
inclusión y exclusión y la muestran por 60 niños y niñas todos ellos con mala oclusión. Como
instrumento se utilizó el Examen Miofuncional – MBGR de Marchesan, Berretín-Félix, Genaro y
Rehder. Entre los resultados más significativos, se encontraron que, en la maloclusión dental el 45%
de los participantes presentó maloclusión clase II división 1; en alteraciones de las arcadas dentarias,
el 28,3% presentaron relación horizontal de tipo sobresalencia excesiva overjet. El 76,7% de los
niños presentó alteraciones del habla, siendo un 46.7% niños y un 30% niñas. Los fonos o sonidos
del español con mayor incidencia de alteración fueron /s/: 55.5%, /r/ simple: 35% y /r/ vibrante:
31.7%; Además durante el habla se encontró que, un 36.7% de los niños con maloclusiones presentan
posición anteriorizada de la lengua y un 31.7% presenta posición baja de la lengua; en la producción
del habla el 16,7% de los niños presenta acumulación en las comisuras, el 16,7% acumula en el labio
inferior, el 10% denota abertura reducida de la boca, el 36,7% posición anteriorizada de la lengua, el
5% resonancia nasal, el 18,3% precisión articulatoria y el 3,3% velocidad aumentada. Se concluye
que, en los niños y niñas estudiadas, existe presencia de maloclusiones y alteraciones en la
producción del habla, las mismas que deben ser atendidas por personal especializado.
The objective of the research was to identify malocclusions and alterations in speech production in children from 6 to 12 years of age from a state educational institution in Arequipa-Peru. The study was descriptive and non-experimental, the population was made up of 360 students, from the first to the sixth grade of primary school, an intentional non-probabilistic sampling was carried out with inclusion and exclusion criteria and it was shown by 60 boys and girls, all of them with poor occlusion. The Myofunctional Examination - MBGR by Marchesan, Berretín-Félix, Genaro and Rehder was used as an instrument. Among the most significant results, it was found that, in dental malocclusion, 45% of the participants presented class II division 1 malocclusion; In alterations of the dental arches, 28.3% presented a horizontal relationship of the overjet excessive protrusion type. 76.7% of the children presented speech disorders, being 46.7% boys and 30% girls. The Spanish sounds or sounds with the highest incidence of alteration were /s/: 55.5%, /r/ simple: 35% and /r/ vibrant: 31.7%; In addition, during speech, it was found that 36.7% of children with malocclusions present anterior position of the tongue and 31.7% present low position of the tongue; in the production of speech, 16.7% of children present accumulation in the corners, 16.7% accumulate in the lower lip, 10% show reduced mouth opening, 36.7% anterior position of the tongue , 5% nasal resonance, 18.3% articulatory precision and 3.3% increased speed. It is concluded that, in the boys and girls studied, there is a presence of malocclusions and alterations in speech production, which must be attended by specialized personnel.
The objective of the research was to identify malocclusions and alterations in speech production in children from 6 to 12 years of age from a state educational institution in Arequipa-Peru. The study was descriptive and non-experimental, the population was made up of 360 students, from the first to the sixth grade of primary school, an intentional non-probabilistic sampling was carried out with inclusion and exclusion criteria and it was shown by 60 boys and girls, all of them with poor occlusion. The Myofunctional Examination - MBGR by Marchesan, Berretín-Félix, Genaro and Rehder was used as an instrument. Among the most significant results, it was found that, in dental malocclusion, 45% of the participants presented class II division 1 malocclusion; In alterations of the dental arches, 28.3% presented a horizontal relationship of the overjet excessive protrusion type. 76.7% of the children presented speech disorders, being 46.7% boys and 30% girls. The Spanish sounds or sounds with the highest incidence of alteration were /s/: 55.5%, /r/ simple: 35% and /r/ vibrant: 31.7%; In addition, during speech, it was found that 36.7% of children with malocclusions present anterior position of the tongue and 31.7% present low position of the tongue; in the production of speech, 16.7% of children present accumulation in the corners, 16.7% accumulate in the lower lip, 10% show reduced mouth opening, 36.7% anterior position of the tongue , 5% nasal resonance, 18.3% articulatory precision and 3.3% increased speed. It is concluded that, in the boys and girls studied, there is a presence of malocclusions and alterations in speech production, which must be attended by specialized personnel.
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Maloclusión, Trastornos del habla en niños--Perú--Arequipa
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