¿En qué medida el Reglamento de Procedimientos Disciplinarios de la Junta Nacional de Justicia, aprobada con la Resolución N.º 008-2020-JNJ, transgrede lo dispuesto por el numeral 2 del artículo II del Título Preliminar del Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General - Ley Nº 27444, aprobado por el Decreto Supremo Nº 004-2019-JUS?
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2024-08-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se analizará el procedimiento administrativo disciplinario
denominado “inmediato” y que se encuentra regulado en el Reglamento de
Procedimientos Disciplinarios de la Junta Nacional de Justicia, aprobado
mediante Resolución Nº 008-2020-JNJ, que establece que de manera
excepcional puede obviarse de realizar una investigación preliminar y dar inicio
a un procedimiento disciplinario con la emisión de una resolución suscrita por los
miembros del Pleno de la Junta en dos supuestos consistentes; el primero de
ellos, cuando se haya detectado una conducta a la que dicho órgano llama
“notoriamente irregular con prueba evidente”; y, en el segundo caso, se hace
mención a una “flagrante falta disciplinaria muy grave”. Como puede apreciarse,
en el primer caso se estaría ante la presencia de una prueba irrefutable, mientras
que en el segundo, se hace mención a que se habría descubierto a una persona
realizando un acto ilícito; en otras palabras, existiría una evidencia bastante
cercana la plena, que avalaría obviar la realización de una investigación
preliminar que culminaría en un plazo de seis meses de iniciado el mismo.
En esta primera parte se desarrollará la teoría de un procedimiento sancionador
común y estándar, regulado por el Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley Nº 27444,
Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General, aprobado por el Decreto Supremo
Nº 004-2019-JUS, el mismo que dispone de garantías mínimas que deben ser
respetadas en todo procedimiento sancionador. Asimismo, se realizará un
análisis y comparación del denominado “procedimiento inmediato”, con otro de
los dos tipos de procedimientos existentes en la Junta Nacional de Justica y que
resulta ser aplicable para el caso de los jueces y fiscales supremos, como lo es
el procedimiento disciplinario ordinario. Con dicho análisis se pretende demostrar
que existe un procedimiento transgresor de toda garantía por cuanto el
procedimiento inmediato vulneraría el derecho de todo administrado de gozar de
un debido proceso, derecho constitucionalmente reconocido en el artículo 139
de la Constitución Política del Perú.
Posteriormente, luego de analizar la parte teórica general regulada en la ley y la
parte específica contenida en el reglamento, es que se pasará a analizar el caso
de la señora fiscal suprema titular Liz Patricia Benavides Vargas, quien habría
sido víctima de un procedimiento poco o nada garantista y transgresor de
diversos principios protegidos por la Ley Nº 27444, Ley del Procedimiento
Administrativo General, e incluso algunos constitucionales.
En ese contexto, luego de efectuarse este análisis, se podrá concluir que existen
motivos debidamente sustentados que podrían conllevar a la presentación de
una acción popular en contra de los artículos 72 y 73 del Reglamento de
Procedimientos Disciplinarios de la Junta Nacional de Justicia al haberse
detectado la infracción de una norma de mayor jerarquía y la transgresión de la
Constitución.
Por último, se expondrá que tanto en la República de Chile como en el Reino de
España no se instaura procedimientos administrativos disciplinarios en contra de
quien ostente el máximo cargo del Ministerio Público, procediendo a exponer una
alternativa para el caso peruano.
The present paper aims to analyze the disciplinary administrative procedure called “immediate” regulated in the Regulation of Disciplinary Procedures of the Junta Nacional de Justicia, approved by Resolution No. 008-2020-JNJ, which establishes that in an exceptional manner it may be omitted to carry out a preliminary investigation and begin a disciplinary procedure with the issuance of a resolution signed by the members of the Plenary of the Junta in two cases consisting of, the first one when conduct has been detected as “notoriously irregular with evident evidence ”; and, in the second case, when is made in “flagrant, very serious disciplinary offense.” As it can be seen, in the first case there would be irrefutable evidence, while in the second, there is evidence that shows that a person has committed an illegal act. In this first part, the theory of a common and standard disciplinary procedure will be developed, regulated by the Law Nº 27444, Law of General Administrative Procedure, approved by Supreme Decree Nº 004-2019-JUS, the same as It must be contained in all sanctioning procedures. Likewise, an analysis and comparison of the so-called “immediate procedure” will be carried out with another of the two types of procedures existing in the Junta Nacional de Justicia and that turn out to be applicable in the case of supreme judges or persecutors, such as the procedure ordinary disciplinary. This in order to demonstrate the concealment of a procedure that transgresses all guarantees since the immediate procedure would violate the right of every administrator to enjoy a due process, a right constitutionally recognized in article 139 of the Political Constitution of Peru. Subsequently, after analyzing the general theoretical part regulated in the law and the specific part contained in the regulations, the case of the titular supreme persecutor Liz Patricia Benavides Vargas will be analyzed, who has been the victim of a procedure with no guarantees. and offender of various principles of Law Nº 27444. In that context, after carrying out this analysis, it can be concluded that there are supported reasons that could lead to the presentation of a Popular Action against articles 72 and 73 of the Regulation of Disciplinary Procedures of the Junta Nacional de Justicia after having been detected. the violation of a higher norm and the transgression of the Constitution. Finally, it will be stated that in two countries, Republic of Chile and the Kingdom of Spain, administrative disciplinary procedures are not established against the person holding the highest position in the Ministerio Público.
The present paper aims to analyze the disciplinary administrative procedure called “immediate” regulated in the Regulation of Disciplinary Procedures of the Junta Nacional de Justicia, approved by Resolution No. 008-2020-JNJ, which establishes that in an exceptional manner it may be omitted to carry out a preliminary investigation and begin a disciplinary procedure with the issuance of a resolution signed by the members of the Plenary of the Junta in two cases consisting of, the first one when conduct has been detected as “notoriously irregular with evident evidence ”; and, in the second case, when is made in “flagrant, very serious disciplinary offense.” As it can be seen, in the first case there would be irrefutable evidence, while in the second, there is evidence that shows that a person has committed an illegal act. In this first part, the theory of a common and standard disciplinary procedure will be developed, regulated by the Law Nº 27444, Law of General Administrative Procedure, approved by Supreme Decree Nº 004-2019-JUS, the same as It must be contained in all sanctioning procedures. Likewise, an analysis and comparison of the so-called “immediate procedure” will be carried out with another of the two types of procedures existing in the Junta Nacional de Justicia and that turn out to be applicable in the case of supreme judges or persecutors, such as the procedure ordinary disciplinary. This in order to demonstrate the concealment of a procedure that transgresses all guarantees since the immediate procedure would violate the right of every administrator to enjoy a due process, a right constitutionally recognized in article 139 of the Political Constitution of Peru. Subsequently, after analyzing the general theoretical part regulated in the law and the specific part contained in the regulations, the case of the titular supreme persecutor Liz Patricia Benavides Vargas will be analyzed, who has been the victim of a procedure with no guarantees. and offender of various principles of Law Nº 27444. In that context, after carrying out this analysis, it can be concluded that there are supported reasons that could lead to the presentation of a Popular Action against articles 72 and 73 of the Regulation of Disciplinary Procedures of the Junta Nacional de Justicia after having been detected. the violation of a higher norm and the transgression of the Constitution. Finally, it will be stated that in two countries, Republic of Chile and the Kingdom of Spain, administrative disciplinary procedures are not established against the person holding the highest position in the Ministerio Público.
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Sanciones administrativas--Legislación--Perú, Funcionarios públicos--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Legislación--Perú
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