Informe Jurídico sobre el Pleno Sentencia 185/2024 recaída en el Expediente N°00580-2021-PA/TC
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación se enmarca en el derecho ambiental y procesal
constitucional, y analiza la Sentencia 185/2024 recaída en el Expediente N°00580-
2021-PA/TC que aborda la demanda de amparo de la Federación de Pueblos Cocama
Unidas del Marañón (FEDEPCUM) contra Petroperú S.A. por la falta de
mantenimiento del Oleoducto Norperuano, que generó reiterados derrames de
petróleo y afectó derechos fundamentales como la vida, salud y el medio ambiente
equilibrado para las comunidades.
El problema principal radica determinar la idoneidad de la acción de amparo
interpuesta por la parte afectada para proteger efectivamente sus derechos ante la
omisión continua de Petroperú.
El Tribunal Constitucional (TC), basado en la Constitución (Art. 2, 7, 200), el Nuevo
Código Procesal Constitucional (Art. 1, 7) y jurisprudencia interamericana, declaró
fundada en parte la demanda, reconociendo la vulneración de los derechos a la salud
y al medio ambiente. Ordenó a Petroperú implementar urgentemente medidas de
mantenimiento del PAMA. El fallo justifica su intervención subsidiaria por la
persistencia del daño y la inacción institucional, actuando como garante de derechos.
Como principal conclusión, se sostiene que la intervención del Tribunal Constitucional
fue jurídicamente necesaria y ambientalmente justificada para tutelar el petitorio de la
parte afectada. Se propone una lectura estructural del amparo ambiental como
herramienta de justicia proactiva para frenar el mecanismo eficaz para evitar daños
irreparables y vulneraciones de derechos colectivos.
This investigation is framed within environmental and constitutional procedural law and analyzes Judgment 185/2024, issued in Case No. 00580-2021-PA/TC, which addresses the amparo action filed by the United Federation of Cocama Peoples of the Marañón (FEDEPCUM) against Petroperú S.A. for the lack of maintenance of the North Peruvian Pipeline, which caused repeated oil spills and affected fundamental rights such as life, health, and a balanced environment for the communities. The main issue lies in determining the suitability of the amparo action filed by the affected party to effectively protect its rights in the face of Petroperú's continued failure to act. The Constitutional Court (TC), based on the Constitution (Art. 2, 7, 200), the New Code of Constitutional Procedure (Art. 1, 7), and Inter-American jurisprudence, declared the claim partially founded, recognizing the violation of the rights to health and the environment. It ordered Petroperú to urgently implement maintenance measures for the PAMA. The ruling justifies its subsidiary intervention due to the persistence of the damage and institutional inaction, acting as guarantor of rights. The main conclusion is that the intervention of the Constitutional Court was legally necessary and environmentally justified to protect the affected party's claim. A structural interpretation of environmental protection is proposed as a proactive justice tool to curb the effective mechanism for preventing irreparable damage and violations of collective rights.
This investigation is framed within environmental and constitutional procedural law and analyzes Judgment 185/2024, issued in Case No. 00580-2021-PA/TC, which addresses the amparo action filed by the United Federation of Cocama Peoples of the Marañón (FEDEPCUM) against Petroperú S.A. for the lack of maintenance of the North Peruvian Pipeline, which caused repeated oil spills and affected fundamental rights such as life, health, and a balanced environment for the communities. The main issue lies in determining the suitability of the amparo action filed by the affected party to effectively protect its rights in the face of Petroperú's continued failure to act. The Constitutional Court (TC), based on the Constitution (Art. 2, 7, 200), the New Code of Constitutional Procedure (Art. 1, 7), and Inter-American jurisprudence, declared the claim partially founded, recognizing the violation of the rights to health and the environment. It ordered Petroperú to urgently implement maintenance measures for the PAMA. The ruling justifies its subsidiary intervention due to the persistence of the damage and institutional inaction, acting as guarantor of rights. The main conclusion is that the intervention of the Constitutional Court was legally necessary and environmentally justified to protect the affected party's claim. A structural interpretation of environmental protection is proposed as a proactive justice tool to curb the effective mechanism for preventing irreparable damage and violations of collective rights.
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Acción de amparo--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derechos fundamentales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Responsabilidad por daños al medio ambiente--Perú, Derecho procesal constitucional--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho ambiental--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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