Desencuentros y reencuentros dialógicos: Análisis de la Conversación en dos sesiones de una psicoterapia psicoanalítica focal
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2023-08-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Dentro de un proceso de psicoterapia psicoanalítica aparecen momentos espontáneos que
requieren ser atendidos por los participantes, situándose en un escenario envuelto de
tensión donde la situación busca una resolución, la cual es denominada “momento de
encuentro” (Stern, 2004). Sin embargo, cuando este momento no es recogido por los
participantes y se falla en la resolución del mismo, sucede lo que es llamado “momento de
desencuentro” (Cavelzani & Tronick, 2016; Stern, 2004). También, existen intentos por
reparar aquellos quiebres en la relación y restablecer la sintonía en el vínculo, lo que
llamaremos “momento de reencuentro” (Beebe & Lachmann, 2003; Tronick, 1989). En este
sentido, la presente investigación busca describir y analizar a nivel dialógico cómo es que
se dan los “momentos de desencuentro” y “momentos de reencuentro”, además, qué
relación tienen sobre los momentos de cambio en el proceso terapéutico. Para ello, se
analizaron fragmentos de las conversaciones de dos sesiones de un caso de violencia en una
mujer, una sesión de la fase intermedia del proceso psicoterapéutico focal y otra, del final.
Estas sesiones fueron grabadas en audio y posteriormente transcritas. Se utilizó
herramientas del Análisis de la Conversación para observar detalladamente aquellos
segmentos identificados como momentos de desencuentro dialógico (MDD) y momentos de
reencuentro dialógico (MRD). Se encontró que los MDD y MRD tienen como
característica ciertos patrones interaccionales en ambos participantes. Finalmente, se
evidenció que los MDD tuvieron influencia sobre los momentos de cambio en la paciente,
siempre y cuando haya estado presente un MRD como parte resolutiva de este
desencuentro.
In a psychoanalytic psychotherapy process there are spontaneous moment that need to be attended by participants, placing them in a scenario of tension where the situation seeks a resolution which is called “moment of meeting” (Stern, 2004). However, when this moment is not picked up by participants and there is a failure to resolve it, happens what is called “moment of unmeeting” (Cavelzani & Tronick, 2016; Stern, 2004). Likewise, there are attempts to repair those ruptures that have occurred in the relationship and reestablish harmony in the bond, which we will call “moment of re-meeting” (Beebe & Lachmann, 2003; Tronick, 1989). The present study searches to describe and analyze at dialogic level how “moments of unmeeting” and “moments of re-meeting” occur, as well as how they relate to moments of change in the therapeutic process. To achieve this, conversational fragments for a violence female case during a half and final sessions of the focal psychotherapy process, were analyzed. These session were audio-recorded and transcribed. Conversation Analysis tools were used to observe in detail those segments that identified as a dialogic moment of unmeeting (DMU) and dialogic moment of re-meeting (DRM). It was found that the DMU and DRM have certain interactional patterns in both participants. Finally, it was evidenced that DMU have influence on the moments of change in the patient, as long as there is the presence of DRM as resolving of this unmeeting moment.
In a psychoanalytic psychotherapy process there are spontaneous moment that need to be attended by participants, placing them in a scenario of tension where the situation seeks a resolution which is called “moment of meeting” (Stern, 2004). However, when this moment is not picked up by participants and there is a failure to resolve it, happens what is called “moment of unmeeting” (Cavelzani & Tronick, 2016; Stern, 2004). Likewise, there are attempts to repair those ruptures that have occurred in the relationship and reestablish harmony in the bond, which we will call “moment of re-meeting” (Beebe & Lachmann, 2003; Tronick, 1989). The present study searches to describe and analyze at dialogic level how “moments of unmeeting” and “moments of re-meeting” occur, as well as how they relate to moments of change in the therapeutic process. To achieve this, conversational fragments for a violence female case during a half and final sessions of the focal psychotherapy process, were analyzed. These session were audio-recorded and transcribed. Conversation Analysis tools were used to observe in detail those segments that identified as a dialogic moment of unmeeting (DMU) and dialogic moment of re-meeting (DRM). It was found that the DMU and DRM have certain interactional patterns in both participants. Finally, it was evidenced that DMU have influence on the moments of change in the patient, as long as there is the presence of DRM as resolving of this unmeeting moment.
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Psicoterapia breve, Psicoanálisis