Informe jurídico sobre Casación N° 525-2022/Nacional
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El caso analizado gira en torno a la posible responsabilidad penal de Luis Arnaldo
Napoleón Peschiera Rubini, abogado externo contratado por PROINVERSIÓN,
en el marco del delito de colusión agravada. La principal controversia radica en
determinar si un asesor jurídico externo puede ser considerado funcionario
público a efectos penales, si su intervención —mediante la emisión de un informe
jurídico— constituye una conducta penalmente relevante, y si la excepción de
improcedencia de acción fue correctamente aplicada por la Corte Suprema.
Para abordar estos problemas, se recurrió a una interpretación sistemática del
artículo 425.3 del Código Penal y de instrumentos internacionales como la
Convención Interamericana contra la Corrupción (OEA, 1996) y la Convención
de las Naciones Unidas contra la Corrupción (ONU, 2004), los cuales amplían el
concepto de funcionario público en contextos de lucha contra la corrupción, así
como también se recurrió a la doctrina nacional para afianzar la postura tomada.
También se emplearon las doctrinas de Jakobs, Roxin y Busato sobre la
imputación penal en acciones neutrales, particularmente en profesiones como la
abogacía.
El informe concluye que Peschiera Rubini sí reúne los requisitos para ser
considerado funcionario público a efectos penales. No obstante, al no haberse
probado una adhesión dolosa al pacto colusorio ni la desnaturalización de su rol
profesional, no se configura responsabilidad penal. Finalmente, se cuestiona la
aplicación anticipada de la excepción de improcedencia de acción, por implicar
una valoración fáctica que correspondía al juicio oral.
The case under analysis revolves around the possible criminal liability of Luis Arnaldo Napoleón Peschiera Rubini, external counsel hired by PROINVERSIÓN, in the context of the crime of aggravated collusion. The main controversy lies in determining whether an external legal counsel can be considered a public official for criminal purposes, whether his intervention -through the issuance of a legal report- constitutes a criminally relevant conduct, and whether the exception of inadmissibility of action was correctly applied by the Supreme Court. To address these problems, a systematic interpretation of article 425.3 of the Criminal Code and international instruments such as the Inter-American Convention against Corruption (OAS, 1996) and the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UN, 2004), which broaden the concept of public official in anti-corruption contexts, were used, as well as national doctrine to support the position taken. The doctrines of Jakobs, Roxin and Busato on criminal imputation in neutral actions were also used, particularly in professions such as the legal profession. The report concludes that Peschiera Rubini does meet the requirements to be considered a criminally relevant public official and that his report had an effective impact on a state process. However, since neither a fraudulent adhesion to the collusive pact nor the distortion of his professional role has been proven, criminal liability has not been established. Finally, the anticipated application of the exception of inadmissibility of the action is questioned, since it implies a factual assessment that corresponded to the oral trial.
The case under analysis revolves around the possible criminal liability of Luis Arnaldo Napoleón Peschiera Rubini, external counsel hired by PROINVERSIÓN, in the context of the crime of aggravated collusion. The main controversy lies in determining whether an external legal counsel can be considered a public official for criminal purposes, whether his intervention -through the issuance of a legal report- constitutes a criminally relevant conduct, and whether the exception of inadmissibility of action was correctly applied by the Supreme Court. To address these problems, a systematic interpretation of article 425.3 of the Criminal Code and international instruments such as the Inter-American Convention against Corruption (OAS, 1996) and the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UN, 2004), which broaden the concept of public official in anti-corruption contexts, were used, as well as national doctrine to support the position taken. The doctrines of Jakobs, Roxin and Busato on criminal imputation in neutral actions were also used, particularly in professions such as the legal profession. The report concludes that Peschiera Rubini does meet the requirements to be considered a criminally relevant public official and that his report had an effective impact on a state process. However, since neither a fraudulent adhesion to the collusive pact nor the distortion of his professional role has been proven, criminal liability has not been established. Finally, the anticipated application of the exception of inadmissibility of the action is questioned, since it implies a factual assessment that corresponded to the oral trial.
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Perú. Corte Suprema de Justicia--Jurisprudencia, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Responsabilidad penal, Funcionarios públicos--Perú
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