Informe Jurídico sobre la Resolución N° 5090-2022- SUNARP-TR: Construcción con caudal social en terreno de uno de los cónyuges
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2023-08-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente caso, mediante Resolución N° 5090-2022-SUNARP-TR, se continúa
sosteniendo que la sociedad de gananciales es titular tanto de la edificación como
del suelo, siendo este último, en un principio, bien propio de uno de los cónyuges.
En los hechos, se deniega la solicitud de la cónyuge titular de rectificar la partida
registral de su bien propio, un estacionamiento, debido a que el otro cónyuge
suscribió la declaratoria de fábrica de la partida matriz, siendo esto un criterio
tomado por el Tribunal Registral como razón suficiente para considerarlo como
propietario. En consecuencia, la titularidad recae sobre la sociedad conyugal
siempre que la declaratoria de fábrica sea realizada durante la vigencia de la
sociedad de gananciales, de conformidad con una interpretación del art. 310 del
Código Civil supeditada al art. 79 del Reglamento de Inscripciones del Registro
de Predios.
La interpretación del artículo 310 del Código Civil no es correcta porque el
Tribunal Registral se está rigiendo en base a una disposición reglamentaria a fin
de aplicar una norma con rango de ley, como lo es el Código Civil, cuyo contenido
establece una obligación de reembolso a favor del cónyuge titular y que,
lamentablemente, no es exigido en la presente Resolución que prefiere acogerse
al Precedente de Observancia Obligatoria CCXX, en lugar de abogar por una
apertura de un asiento especial sobre el bien materia de análisis y así se resguarde
los intereses legítimos del cónyuge titular sobre el bien que, en un inicio, fue
propio.
In the present case, through Resolution No. 5090-2022-SUNARP-TR, it continues to be maintained that the community of property is the owner of both the building and the land, the latter being, initially, the property of one of the spouses. In fact, the request of the owner spouse to rectify the registration item of their own property, a parking lot, is denied because the other spouse signed the factory declaration of the parent item, this being a criterion taken by the Registry Court as sufficient reason to consider it as an owner. Consequently, ownership falls on the marital partnership provided that the factory declaration is made during the term of the community of property, in accordance with an interpretation of art. 310 of the Civil Code subject to art. 79 of the Land Registry Registration Regulations. The interpretation of article 310 of the Civil Code is not correct because the Registry Court is being governed based on a regulatory provision in order to apply a norm with the force of law, such as the Civil Code, whose content establishes a reimbursement obligation to favor of the owner spouse and that, unfortunately, it is not required in this Resolution that prefers to take advantage of the Precedent of Mandatory Observance CCXX, instead of advocating for the opening of a special entry on the asset subject of analysis and thus protect the legitimate interests of the titular spouse on the property that, at the beginning, was his own.
In the present case, through Resolution No. 5090-2022-SUNARP-TR, it continues to be maintained that the community of property is the owner of both the building and the land, the latter being, initially, the property of one of the spouses. In fact, the request of the owner spouse to rectify the registration item of their own property, a parking lot, is denied because the other spouse signed the factory declaration of the parent item, this being a criterion taken by the Registry Court as sufficient reason to consider it as an owner. Consequently, ownership falls on the marital partnership provided that the factory declaration is made during the term of the community of property, in accordance with an interpretation of art. 310 of the Civil Code subject to art. 79 of the Land Registry Registration Regulations. The interpretation of article 310 of the Civil Code is not correct because the Registry Court is being governed based on a regulatory provision in order to apply a norm with the force of law, such as the Civil Code, whose content establishes a reimbursement obligation to favor of the owner spouse and that, unfortunately, it is not required in this Resolution that prefers to take advantage of the Precedent of Mandatory Observance CCXX, instead of advocating for the opening of a special entry on the asset subject of analysis and thus protect the legitimate interests of the titular spouse on the property that, at the beginning, was his own.
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Derecho registral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Registro de la propiedad--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Bienes gananciales--Perú, Derecho de familia--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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