Cinco reflexiones sobre el estudio de los regímenes políticos subnacionales
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
En los últimos años han proliferado los estudios que resaltan que muchas democracias son territorialmente heterogéneas, porque los atributos mínimos de este tipo de régimen tienen una presencia muy débil o están ausentes a nivel subnacional. Tomando en consideración tanto las publicaciones precedentes como la agenda de investigación pendiente, el presente trabajo plantea cinco reflexiones sobre este campo de estudio: dos son empíricas, otras dos conceptuales y una es teórica. Específicamente, se resalta que este fenómeno ha ocurrido en distintos momentos históricos y lugares del mundo; también se demuestra que la mayoría de investigaciones se ha centrado en países federales pese a que existen razones de peso para extender los estudios a los países unitarios; a continuación, se realiza un balance de las ventajas y desventajas de los diferentes conceptos propuestos; asimismo, se plantea cuáles son las enseñanzas en las estrategias conceptuales que nos deja la literatura sobre la democracia a nivel nacional; y, finalmente, se presentan los debates teóricos en torno a las explicaciones. Para desarrollar estas reflexiones, el artículo se basa en una extensa revisión de literatura y en evidencia empírica proveniente de un trabajo de campo en dos regiones del Perú.
In recent years, studies have shown that many democracies are territorially heterogeneous, because the minimal attributes of this type of regime have a very weak presence or are absent at the subnational level. Taking into account both the previous publications and the pending research agenda, the present paper raises five remarks on this field of study: two are empirical, two are conceptual and one is theoretical. Specifically, it is emphasized that this phenomenon has occurred in different historical moments and places of the world; It is also shown that the majority of research has focused on federal countries despite the fact that there are compelling reasons to extend the studies to the unit countries; Then a balance is made of the advantages and disadvantages of the different proposed concepts; Likewise, what the lessons are in the conceptual strategies left to us by the literature on democracy at the national level; And, theoretically, the theoretical debates about explanations are presented. To develop these reexiones, the article is based on an extensive literature review and empirical evidence from a field work in two regions of Peru.
In recent years, studies have shown that many democracies are territorially heterogeneous, because the minimal attributes of this type of regime have a very weak presence or are absent at the subnational level. Taking into account both the previous publications and the pending research agenda, the present paper raises five remarks on this field of study: two are empirical, two are conceptual and one is theoretical. Specifically, it is emphasized that this phenomenon has occurred in different historical moments and places of the world; It is also shown that the majority of research has focused on federal countries despite the fact that there are compelling reasons to extend the studies to the unit countries; Then a balance is made of the advantages and disadvantages of the different proposed concepts; Likewise, what the lessons are in the conceptual strategies left to us by the literature on democracy at the national level; And, theoretically, the theoretical debates about explanations are presented. To develop these reexiones, the article is based on an extensive literature review and empirical evidence from a field work in two regions of Peru.
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Palabras clave
Política Subnacional, Regímenes Políticos, Autoritarismo, Democracia, Federalismo, Unitarismo
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Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess