Las percepciones en las Relaciones Internacionales: entre el realismo político y el constructivismo
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente artículo trata sobre el rol que las percepciones tienen en las relaciones internacionales, contrastando las visiones y aproximaciones que dos escuelas —en principio— opuestas, el realismo y el constructivismo, le dan a esta variable. En su desarrollo se plantea una hipótesis sobre este rol y se la somete a prueba tomando como ejemplo la relación entre el Perú y Chile. Lo que se pretende demostrar es que se puede arribar a una síntesis sobre este tema entre ambas escuelas, aunque son las herramientas del realismo las que nos permiten tener una mejor noción sobre el papel de las percepciones en el comportamiento de los Estados, esto debido a que son los elementos objetivos los que determinan dicho comportamiento. Sin embargo, las percepciones tienen la cualidad de modificar el valor relativo de los elementos objetivos, por lo que es importante conjugar ambas variables en el análisis de las relaciones internacionales.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of perceptions in international relations, confronting the approach given to this subject by two theoretical schools: realism and constructivism.To do this analysis, this article proposes a hypothesis and tests it using the relations between Chile and Peru. The aim is to demonstrate that is possible to synthesize the role given to ideas and images by these two schools. However, it would be the paradigms of realism that allows us to have a better understanding of perceptions in the behavior of States, because their decisions are based primarily upon objective considerations. Nevertheless, perceptions would have the potential to modify the relative value of those material determinants, and that is the main reason to combine both of them in the analysis of international politics and Stateschoices.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of perceptions in international relations, confronting the approach given to this subject by two theoretical schools: realism and constructivism.To do this analysis, this article proposes a hypothesis and tests it using the relations between Chile and Peru. The aim is to demonstrate that is possible to synthesize the role given to ideas and images by these two schools. However, it would be the paradigms of realism that allows us to have a better understanding of perceptions in the behavior of States, because their decisions are based primarily upon objective considerations. Nevertheless, perceptions would have the potential to modify the relative value of those material determinants, and that is the main reason to combine both of them in the analysis of international politics and Stateschoices.
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Constructivism, Chile, Perceptions, Peru, Realism, International Relations, Constructivismo, Chile, Percepciones, Perú, Realismo, Relaciones Internacionales
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