La izquierda peruana del siglo XXI: Trayectoria y características de las nuevas organizaciones políticas de izquierda
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2022-10-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo del trabajo es reflexionar y revisar la literatura para señalar las
características de las organizaciones políticas de izquierda peruanas en el siglo XXI.
La etapa de cambio del sistema de partidos políticos que se inicia en los noventa
evidencia un debilitamiento de los partidos tradicionales, el cual se caracteriza por
la desideologización, el alto grado de personalismo, la desvinculación con las
organizaciones sociales, y la precariedad de los liderazgos políticos. Este cambio
también impacta a los partidos de izquierda, los cuales poco a poco se distancian y
algunos se desvanecen de la esfera pública. Los hallazgos principales señalan
primero, que en el periodo del conflicto armado interno, se evita que los partidos de
izquierda prosperen y su reputación se afecta gravemente. Segundo, hacia el siglo
XXI, la izquierda peruana se atomiza en múltiples organizaciones pequeñas,
algunas tomaron forma de movimientos regionales y se mantuvieron aisladas, y
otras organizaciones lograron unirse para competir en las elecciones. Tercero, las
insignias de la nueva izquierda están marcadas por los movimientos anti mineros,
el progresismo y la demanda de una Nueva Constitución. Cuarto, ningún partido
político de izquierda tiene un desempeño sostenido y estable. Finalmente, se resalta
la necesidad de estudiar a Perú Libre, debido a su particularidad como partido
radical no progresista y su inesperado éxito en las elecciones de 2021.
The objective of this paper is to reflect on and review the literature in order to point out the characteristics of Peruvian left-wing political organizations in the 21st century. The stage of change in the political party system that began in the 1990s evidences a weakening of the traditional parties, which is characterized by de- ideologization, a high degree of personalism, disengagement with social organizations, and the precariousness of political leadership. This change also impacts the left-wing parties, which are gradually distancing themselves and some are fading away from the public sphere. The main findings point out first, that in the period of the internal armed conflict, leftist parties are prevented from thriving and their reputation is seriously affected. Second, by the 21st century, the Peruvian left atomized into multiple small organizations, some took the form of regional movements and remained isolated, and other organizations managed to unite to compete in elections. Third, the insignia of the new left are marked by anti-mining movements, progressivism and the demand for a New Constitution. Fourth, no political party of the left has a sustained and stable performance. Finally, the need to study Peru Libre is highlighted, due to its particularity as a radical non-progressive party and its unexpected success in the 2021 elections.
The objective of this paper is to reflect on and review the literature in order to point out the characteristics of Peruvian left-wing political organizations in the 21st century. The stage of change in the political party system that began in the 1990s evidences a weakening of the traditional parties, which is characterized by de- ideologization, a high degree of personalism, disengagement with social organizations, and the precariousness of political leadership. This change also impacts the left-wing parties, which are gradually distancing themselves and some are fading away from the public sphere. The main findings point out first, that in the period of the internal armed conflict, leftist parties are prevented from thriving and their reputation is seriously affected. Second, by the 21st century, the Peruvian left atomized into multiple small organizations, some took the form of regional movements and remained isolated, and other organizations managed to unite to compete in elections. Third, the insignia of the new left are marked by anti-mining movements, progressivism and the demand for a New Constitution. Fourth, no political party of the left has a sustained and stable performance. Finally, the need to study Peru Libre is highlighted, due to its particularity as a radical non-progressive party and its unexpected success in the 2021 elections.
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Partidos políticos--Siglo XXI, Izquierda (Política)--Perú