‘’Senda’’, sistema que brinda información vial a las personas con discapacidad visual para cruzar avenidas de forma segura y autónoma en Lima Metropolitana
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2023-09-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el Perú un 10.4% de la población presenta al menos una discapacidad, y
de ello el 48.3% de los casos son visuales. Pese a ello no se han implementado
diseños inclusivos en los entornos viales del contexto peruano, limitando así el
acceso a la información en las calles para personas con discapacidad visual,
haciendo su desplazamiento en exteriores urbanos sea frustrante e inseguro. La
base teórica de esta investigación aborda los conceptos teóricos sobre la
discapacidad visual, el tránsito en Lima, bajo un enfoque de movilidad, la
accesibilidad vial; así como, los conceptos de diseño como: el Diseño Centrado en
el Humano, Diseño Expositivo y Diseño Universal. Actualmente en el Perú, existen
aproximadamente 10% de sistemas acústicos para invidentes en todo Lima
Metropolitana, como los semáforos inteligentes ubicados en algunos cruces
peatonales, los cuales avisan a los usuarios cuando es seguro transitar por medio
de un sonido, sin embargo, debido a la falta de cultura vial adecuada, contaminación
sonora por parte de los vehículos, así como un Estado no involucrado que no brinda
el mantenimiento y cuidado necesario, estas soluciones no logran ayudar en su
totalidad a las personas con discapacidad visual, de modo que, dependen de
usuarios videntes para cruzar las avenidas. En consecuencia, Senda propone el
diseño de un sistema de información vial que permita cruzar calles de forma segura
y autónoma a las personas con discapacidad visual de grave a ceguera en las calles
de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizaron los siguientes estudios de investigación para
comprender mejor las necesidades de este grupo social: Estudio etnográfico,
mapas de empatía, shadowing, journey maps, diseño empático; así como,
entrevistas a usuarios invidentes y validaciones con especialistas de diferentes
rubros. Senda le aporta al usuario una mayor información vial al invidente al transitar
en las calles, le da seguridad y confianza para poder realizar estas actividades de
manera autónoma
In Peru, 10.4% of the population has at least one disability, 48.3% of which are visual. Despite this, inclusive designs have not been implemented in road environments in the Peruvian context, thus limiting access to information on the streets for people with visual impairment, making their movement in urban exteriors frustrating and unsafe. The theoretical basis of this research addresses theoretical concepts on visual impairment, traffic in Lima, under a mobility approach, road accessibility; as well as, design concepts such as: Human Centered Design, Expository Design and Universal Design. Currently in Peru, there are approximately 10% of acoustic systems for the blind throughout Metropolitan Lima, such as intelligent traffic lights located at some crosswalks, which warn users when it is safe to transit through a sound, however, due to the lack of adequate road culture, noise pollution from vehicles, as well as a State not involved that does not provide the necessary maintenance and care, these solutions fail to fully help visually impaired people, so that they depend on sighted users to cross the avenues. Consequently, Senda proposes the design of a road information system that allows people with severe to blindness visual impairment to cross streets safely and autonomously in the streets of Metropolitan Lima. The following research studies were conducted to better understand the needs of this social group: ethnographic study, empathy maps, shadowing, journey maps, empathic design; as well as interviews with blind users and validations with specialists in different fields. Senda provides the user with more road information when walking on the streets, giving them security and confidence to be able to perform these activities autonomously
In Peru, 10.4% of the population has at least one disability, 48.3% of which are visual. Despite this, inclusive designs have not been implemented in road environments in the Peruvian context, thus limiting access to information on the streets for people with visual impairment, making their movement in urban exteriors frustrating and unsafe. The theoretical basis of this research addresses theoretical concepts on visual impairment, traffic in Lima, under a mobility approach, road accessibility; as well as, design concepts such as: Human Centered Design, Expository Design and Universal Design. Currently in Peru, there are approximately 10% of acoustic systems for the blind throughout Metropolitan Lima, such as intelligent traffic lights located at some crosswalks, which warn users when it is safe to transit through a sound, however, due to the lack of adequate road culture, noise pollution from vehicles, as well as a State not involved that does not provide the necessary maintenance and care, these solutions fail to fully help visually impaired people, so that they depend on sighted users to cross the avenues. Consequently, Senda proposes the design of a road information system that allows people with severe to blindness visual impairment to cross streets safely and autonomously in the streets of Metropolitan Lima. The following research studies were conducted to better understand the needs of this social group: ethnographic study, empathy maps, shadowing, journey maps, empathic design; as well as interviews with blind users and validations with specialists in different fields. Senda provides the user with more road information when walking on the streets, giving them security and confidence to be able to perform these activities autonomously
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Zonas peatonales--Ciegos, Planificación urbana--Personas con discapacidad, Transporte urbano--Ciegos
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